长山列岛邻近海域鱼类群落功能多样性的季节和空间变化

邹建宇; 刘淑德; 张崇良; 薛莹; 纪毓鹏; 徐宾铎

doi:10.12284/hyxb2023008

长山列岛邻近海域鱼类群落功能多样性的季节和空间变化

doi: 10.12284/hyxb2023008

邹建宇^1,,
刘淑德⁴,
张崇良^{1, 2, 3},
薛莹^{1, 2, 3},
纪毓鹏^{1, 3},
徐宾铎^{1, 2, 3, ,}

1.
中国海洋大学水产学院，山东青岛 266003
2.
青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室，山东青岛266237
3.
海州湾渔业生态系统教育部野外科学观测研究站，山东青岛 266003
4.
山东省渔业发展和资源养护总站，山东烟台 264003

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划（2019YFD0901205）。

详细信息

作者简介:
邹建宇(1998-)，男，山东省聊城市人，主要从事渔业资源生态学研究。E-mail: 88015321@qq.com

通讯作者:
徐宾铎，副教授，主要从事渔业资源、渔业生物多样性和海洋生态学的研究。E-mail: bdxu@ouc.edu.cn

中图分类号: S932.4
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-05-24
- 修回日期: 2022-07-01
- 网络出版日期: 2022-07-13
- 刊出日期: 2023-01-09

Seasonal and spatial changes in functional diversity of fish communities in the adjacent waters of the Changshan Islands

Zou Jianyu^1
,,
Liu Shude⁴,
Zhang Chongliang^{1, 2, 3},
Xue Ying^{1, 2, 3},
Ji Yupeng^{1, 3},
Xu Binduo^{1, 2, 3
, ,}

1.
Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
2.
Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
3.
Field Observation and Research Station of Haizhou Bay Fishery Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China
4.
General Station of Fishery Development and Resources Conservation of Shandong Province, Yantai 264003, China

摘要

摘要: 为查明黄、渤海生态交错带长山列岛邻近海域鱼类功能多样性的时空变化，根据2016−2017年在长山列岛邻近海域开展的鱼类生物资源和环境因子的调查数据，结合食性、营养级、洄游类型、适温性、恢复力和鱼卵类型等13种功能性状，应用群落特征加权平均数指数、功能多样性指数和Spearman秩相关分析等方法，研究了该海域鱼类功能多样性的季节变化、空间格局及其与环境因子的关系。结果表明，春、冬季的优势类群为端位或上位口、生长系数较低、脆弱性较高、恢复力较低、定居或短距离洄游的平扁形、暖温性底层鱼类，夏、秋季表现出更多的功能性状，例如长距离洄游、栖息位置处于中上层、体型为侧扁形和纺锤形等；夏、秋季的功能丰富度指数显著高于春、冬季，功能均匀度指数在春季最高，功能离散度指数在秋季最低且显著低于其他季节；春季功能均匀度指数和春、秋季功能离散度指数均表现出西高东低的分布趋势，夏、冬季的功能丰富度指数和秋季的功能均匀度指数均表现出东高西低的分布趋势；功能多样性指数与环境因子具有一定的相关性。长山列岛邻近海域作为黄、渤海生态交错带，鱼类洄游引起优势功能性状和功能多样性呈现出一定的季节变化，环境因子的变化使得功能多样性的空间格局表现出复杂性、异质性的特点。
- 鱼类群落 /
- 功能多样性 /
- 时空格局 /
- 长山列岛邻近海域
Abstract: In order to identify the functional diversity of the adjacent waters of the Changshan Islands in the ecotone between the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea, based on the quarterly survey of fish biological resources and environment factors from October 2016 to August 2017, combined with 13 functional traits such as feeding habit, trophic level, migration type, thermophily, resilience and fish eggs type, the spatio-temporal pattern of functional diversity and its relationship with environmental factors were studied by using community weighted mean index (CWM), functional diversity index and Spearman rank correlation analysis. The results showed that the dominant species of fish community in spring and winter were depressiform, warm temperate and demersal species with the characteristics of anterior or upper mouth, low growth coefficient, high vulnerability, low resilience and non-migration or short distance migration. The dominant species in summer and autumn showed more functional traits, such as long distance migration, pelagic, fusiform and compressiform. FRic in summer and autumn was significantly higher than that in spring and winter, FEve was the highest in spring, and FDiv was the lowest in autumn and was significantly lower than other seasons. FEve in spring and season and FDiv in spring and autumn showed a trend of high in the west and low in the east, while FRic in summer and winter and FEve in autumn showed a trend of high in the east and low in the west. There was a certain correlation between environmental factors and functional diversity index. As an ecotone between the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea, the functional traits of the dominant species and functional diversity show seasonal variations made by the fish migration, and the spatial pattern of functional diversity shows complexity and heterogeneity made by environment changing in the adjacent waters of the Changshan Islands.
- fish community /
- functional diversity /
- spatio-temporal pattern /
- adjacent waters of the Changshan Islands

HTML全文

图 1 长山列岛邻近海域渔业资源底拖网调查站位

Fig. 1 Bottom trawl survey stations for fishery resources in the adjacent waters of the Changshan Islands

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图 2 长山列岛邻近海域鱼类群落特征加权平均数指数（CWM）的季节变化

P. 浮游生物食性；B. 底栖生物食性；N. 游泳动物食性；1. 纺锤形；2. 侧扁形；3. 平扁形；4. 鳗形；SM. 近海洄游型；LM. 外海洄游型；Lo. 定居型；T. 暖温性；WW. 暖水性；De. 底层；Pe. 中上层；M. 中等恢复力；H. 高恢复力；L. 低恢复力；PE. 浮性卵；AE. 附着性卵；PAE. 黏着浮性卵；Sp. 春季；Su. 夏季；Au. 秋季；Wi. 冬季

Fig. 2 Seasonal variation of community weighted mean index (CWM) of fish community in the adjacent waters of the Changshan Islands

P. Planktivorous; B: benthivorous; N. nektivorous; 1. fusiform; 2. compressiform; 3. depressiform; 4. anguilliform; SM. offshore migration; LM. far-sea migration; Lo. local species; T. warm temperate; WW. warm water; De. demersal; Pe. pelagic; M. medium resilience; H. high resilience; L. low resilience; PE. pelagic eggs; AE. adhesive eggs; PAE. pelagic adhesive eggs; Sp. spring; Su. summer; Au. autumn; Wi. winter

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图 3 长山列岛邻近海域鱼类群落功能多样性指数的季节变化

Sp. 春季；Su. 夏季；Au. 秋季；Wi. 冬季；不同字母表示差异显著（p<0.05）；虚线代表真实值

Fig. 3 Seasonal variation of functional diversity indices of fish community in the adjacent waters of the Changshan Islands

Sp. Spring; Su. summer; Au. autumn; Wi. winter; different letters mean significant difference at p<0.05 level; dashed lines represent the true values

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图 4 长山列岛邻近海域鱼类群落功能多样性指数的空间分布

Fig. 4 Spatial distribution of functional diversity indices of fish community in the adjacent waters of the Changshan Islands

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表 1 功能性状分类标准及其所含类型

Tab. 1 Classification criteria and types of functional traits

功能类型	功能性状	功能性状所含类型
摄食	食性	浮游生物食性、植食性、底栖生物食性、游泳动物食性
	口的大小	小、较小、中等、较大、大
	口的位置	腹面、下位、端位、上位
	营养级	连续变量，范围：2.9～5.0
游泳	体型	纺锤形、侧扁形、平扁形、鳗形、不对称形、亚圆柱形、细长形、带形、前部宽扁形、后部侧扁形
	洄游类型	定居型、近海洄游型、远海洄游型
	最大体长	连续变量，范围：9～250 cm
生态适应性	适温性	冷温性、暖温性、暖水性
	栖息位置	底层、中上层
种群动态	生长系数	连续变量，范围：0.1～0.8
	脆弱性	连续变量，范围：10～78
	恢复力	低、中等、高
繁殖	鱼卵类型	浮性、沉性、附着性、黏着浮性、黏着沉性、卵胎生

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表 2 长山列岛邻近海域鱼类群落功能多样性指数与环境因子的Spearman秩相关系数

Tab. 2 Spearman rank correlation coefficients between functional diversity indices and environmental factors in the adjacent waters of the Changshan Islands

季节	指数	水深	底层水温	表层水温	底层盐度	表层盐度
春季	FRic	−0.300	0.104	−0.117	−0.232	−0.193
	FEve	−0.276	0.367*	0.212	−0.176	−0.129
	FDiv	−0.013	0.023	0.003	−0.080	−0.088
夏季	FRic	0.250	−0.491**	−0.280	0.342	−0.212
	FEve	0.224	−0.052	0.310	0.113	−0.172
	FDiv	0.220	−0.328	−0.380*	0.010	0.154
秋季	FRic	0.166	−0.269	−0.197	0.060	0.071
	FEve	0.033	0.033	−0.054	0.081	0.076
	FDiv	0.092	−0.041	−0.121	0.156	0.141
冬季	FRic	0.568**	0.617**	0.639**	0.491**	0.487**
	FEve	−0.131	−0.456**	−0.440*	−0.291	−0.288
	FDiv	0.090	−0.040	−0.073	0.068	0.068
注：代表p<0.05；*代表p<0.01。

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