胶州湾水体和表层沉积物营养环境现状及影响因素

王猛; 王玉珏; 刘栋; 刘东艳; 刘珂; 张海龙; 肖晓彤

doi:10.12284/hyxb2022178

胶州湾水体和表层沉积物营养环境现状及影响因素

doi: 10.12284/hyxb2022178

王猛^1,,
王玉珏^1, ,,
刘栋²,
刘东艳¹,
刘珂³,
张海龙³,
肖晓彤³

1.
华东师范大学河口海岸学国家重点实验室，上海 200241
2.
鲁东大学滨海生态高等研究院，山东烟台 264025
3.
中国海洋大学海洋化学理论与工程技术教育部重点实验室，山东青岛 266100

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金−山东省联合基金（U1706219）。

详细信息

作者简介:
王猛（1998-），男，江苏省连云港市人，主要研究方向为海洋生态学。E-mail: wangm0@163.com

通讯作者:
王玉珏，副研究员，主要研究方向为近海营养盐变化与富营养化。E-mail: yjwang@sklec.ecnu.edu.cn

中图分类号: P734.4⁺4；P736.4⁺1
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-05-16
- 修回日期: 2022-06-20
- 网络出版日期: 2022-07-05
- 刊出日期: 2022-10-01

Nutritional environment and influencing factors of seawater and surface sediments in the Jiaozhou Bay

1.
State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
2.
Institute for Advanced Study of Coastal Ecology, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
3.
Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China

摘要

摘要: 为了解胶州湾水体和表层沉积物营养环境状况及其主要影响因素，于2019年8月在胶州湾30个站位点采集了海水和表层沉积物样品，并于2021年5月在胶州湾沿岸采集了18个站位点的水样，对水体溶解无机态营养盐浓度和组成以及表层沉积物中总有机碳、总氮、总磷及生物硅含量和碳、氮稳定同位素（δ¹³C、δ¹⁵N）进行了分析。结果表明，胶州湾内水体和沿岸水体中溶解无机氮、溶解无机磷和溶解硅酸盐浓度空间分布相近，高值均位于湾东北部，主要受到河流输入和沿岸污水排放的影响，低值主要出现在湾中部和湾口处。结合近30年来的历史数据分析发现，胶州湾夏季营养盐浓度在1990−2008年期间呈持续上升的趋势，政府实施的污染物总量控制措施以及河流径流量下降使得2006年以来营养盐浓度呈现下降的趋势，该变化在空间上主要体现为大沽河氮、磷输入量的减少及其对应的湾西部营养盐高值的消失。胶州湾氮、磷营养盐输入的不平衡使得“磷限制”在2000年后逐渐加剧。胶州湾表层沉积物中总有机碳、总氮、总磷含量高值均集中于东北部和东部沿岸，结合生物硅和水体营养盐含量分析显示，这主要是河流与排污输入及其带来的高初级生产力造成的，沉积物生源要素与水体营养盐在空间分布上存在较好的耦合关系。沉积物粒度较粗对有机质保存的不利影响以及湾口较强的水动力作用共同导致了湾西部、中部以及湾口的生源要素含量较低。δ¹³C以及二端元混合模型显示，胶州湾表层沉积物有机质来源总体以海源为主，平均占比为64%，东部沿岸受陆源输入影响较明显。δ¹⁵N的空间分布显示，胶州湾表层沉积物中氮元素受到了海水养殖与污水排放的共同影响。水体和沉积物营养环境现状共同表明，对东北部河流和沿岸污水排放的控制是后期胶州湾污染治理的关键。
- 营养盐 /
- 沉积物生源要素 /
- 影响因素 /
- 碳、氮稳定同位素 /
- 胶州湾
Abstract: Seawater and surface sediment samples at 30 stations in the Jiaozhou Bay (JZB) and river water and coastal water samples at 18 stations along the JZB were collected in August 2019 and May 2021, respectively. Dissolved inorganic nutrient concentrations and structure in the water and the contents of total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), biogenic silica (BSi), and stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen (δ¹³C, δ¹⁵N) in surface sediments were analyzed to clarify the present nutritional environment of seawater and surface sediment and its main influencing factors in the JZB. The results show that the spatial distribution of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP), and dissolved silicate (DSi) in seawater is consistent with that in the coastal water of JZB. The high values that occur northeast of the bay are mainly caused by river input and sewage discharge, and the low values mainly occur at the center and bay mouth. Combined with the analysis of historical data, we found that the nutrient concentrations of JZB in summer continued to rise from 1990 to 2008 and then declined since 2006 because of the declining nutrient loadings related to the implementation of total pollutant load control management and freshwater loadings from surrounding rivers. The decreased nutrient loadings were mainly found in rivers such as the Dagu River, causing the disappearance of high concentrations in the western region after 2010. The phosphorus limitation accelerated after 2000 as a result of the imbalanced input of nitrogen and phosphorus. The high values of TOC, TN, and TP in the surface sediments of JZB are concentrated along the northeast and east coasts, combined with BSi and water nutrient analysis, which is mainly caused by the river input and sewage discharge and the high primary productivity they bring. Sediment biogenic elements are well coupled with water column nutrients in spatial distribution. The adverse effect of coarse sediment grain size on the preservation of organic matter and the strong hydrodynamic effect of the bay mouth jointly lead to the low content of biogenic elements in the west, middle, and mouth of the bay. The δ¹³C and two-endmember mixing model show that the source of organic matter in the surface sediments of JZB is mainly marine-derived, accounting for an average of 64%. The eastern coast is obviously affected by terrestrial input. The spatial distribution of δ¹⁵N shows that the nitrogen in the surface sediment of JZB is jointly affected by mariculture and sewage discharge. The current situation of the water body and sediment nutrient environments shows that the control of sewage discharge from the northeast river and the coastal area is the key to the later pollution control of JZB.
- nutrients /
- sediment biogenic elements /
- influencing factors /
- stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen /
- Jiaozhou Bay

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图 1 胶州湾湾内和沿岸水体采样站位点分布

Fig. 1 Distribution of sampling stations inside and along the coast of the Jiaozhou Bay

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图 2 胶州湾湾内及沿岸水体营养盐浓度（蓝色实心圆）的空间分布

Fig. 2 Spatial distribution of nutrient concentrations inside and along the coast (blue solid circles) of the Jiaozhou Bay

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图 3 近30 年胶州湾夏季营养盐浓度和湾周边化肥施用、污水排放及TDN通量变化

Fig. 3 The change of concentrations of nutrients in the Jiaozhou Bay in summer and fertilizer utilization、wastewater discharge around Jiaozhou Bay and flux of TDN in the past 30 years

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图 4 胶州湾营养盐结构分布及限制

Fig. 4 The structure and limitation of nutrients in the Jiaozhou Bay

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图 5 胶州湾夏季营养盐比值变化

趋势线为5年移动平均趋势线

Fig. 5 The changes of nutrients ratio in the Jiaozhou Bay in summer

The trend lines are the 5-year moving average trend lines

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图 6 胶州湾沉积物粒度分类

Fig. 6 Classification of sediment grain size in the Jiaozhou Bay

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图 7 胶州湾表层沉积物生源要素的分布

Fig. 7 Distribution of biogenic elements of surface sediments in the Jiaozhou Bay

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图 8 样品和有机质来源δ¹³C值、C/N、δ¹⁵N值分布

Fig. 8 Distributions of δ¹³C, C/N and δ¹⁵N values of samples and organic matter sources

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图 9 胶州湾表层沉积物中碳氮稳定同位素及C/N的分布

Fig. 9 Distribution of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes and C/N in the surface sediments of the Jiaozhou Bay

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图 10 陆源有机质贡献率（a）、海源有机质贡献率（b）、陆源有机质含量（c）、海源有机质含量（d）空间分布

Fig. 10 Spatial distribution of contribution of terrestrial (a) and marine (b) organic matter and content of terrestrial (c) and marine (d) organic matter

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表 1 相关性分析结果

Tab. 1 Correlation analysis results

	TOC	TN	TP	IP	OP	BSi	C/N	δ¹³C	δ¹⁵N	OC_M	DIN	DIP	DSi
TOC	1	0.934 1**	0.741 6**	0.785 8**	0.409 1*	0.693 7**	0.826 0**	−0.632 0**	0.116 4	0.923 1**	0.446 2*	0.559 1**	0.405 5*
TN		1	0.672 2**	0.701 0**	0.390 7*	0.634 2**	0.596 3**	−0.474 5**	0.306 6	0.964 3**	0.318 2	0.396 6*	0.335 9
TP			1	0.934 2**	0.774 2**	0.442 8*	0.658 5**	−0.262 0	0.291 2	0.722 0**	0.505 4**	0.564 3**	0.450 2*
IP				1	0.497 4**	0.556 8**	0.669 9**	−0.413 0*	0.276 0	0.708 2**	0.562 1**	0.655 8**	0.463 4**
OP					1	0.089 9	0.412 7	0.094 8	0.217 6	0.498 8	0.230 3	0.207 4	0.271 1
BSi						1	0.660 7**	−0.756 3**	−0.192 7	0.575 4**	0.305 5	0.398 0*	0.137 7
C/N							1	−0.734 7**	−0.263 9	0.694 4**	0.431 1*	0.560 5**	0.323 4
δ¹³C								1	0.495 6**	−0.345 2	−0.147 7	−0.311 4	−0.012 2
δ¹⁵N									1	0.327 8	0.332 4	0.255 6	0.381 2*
OC_M										1	0.379 5*	0.435 8*	0.412 5*
DIN											1	0.958 9**	0.884 3**
DIP												1	0.847 8**
DSi													1
黏土占比	0.579 3**	0.731 7**	0.384 5*	0.368 5	0.281 4	0.601 9**
粉砂占比	0.422 3*	0.592 9**	0.250 0	0.248 9	0.166 4	0.461 4*
砂占比	−0.489 4**	−0.656 7**	−0.305 2	−0.298 6	−0.212 6	−0.523 2**
中值粒径	−0.409 5*	−0.512 6**	−0.310 2	−0.280 7	−0.256 0	−0.355 9
注：代表0.05显著水平（双尾）； *代表0.01显著水平（双尾）。

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