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河口回水动力的演变过程及其影响机制

古俊豪 蔡华阳 杨昊 李博

古俊豪,蔡华阳,杨昊,等. 河口回水动力的演变过程及其影响机制−以长江河口为例[J]. 海洋学报,2022,44(12):31–41 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2022157
引用本文: 古俊豪,蔡华阳,杨昊,等. 河口回水动力的演变过程及其影响机制−以长江河口为例[J]. 海洋学报,2022,44(12):31–41 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2022157
Gu Junhao,Cai Huayang,Yang Hao, et al. The evolution of estuarine backwater dynamics and its underlying mechanism: a case study of the Changjiang River Estuary[J]. Haiyang Xuebao,2022, 44(12):31–41 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2022157
Citation: Gu Junhao,Cai Huayang,Yang Hao, et al. The evolution of estuarine backwater dynamics and its underlying mechanism: a case study of the Changjiang River Estuary[J]. Haiyang Xuebao,2022, 44(12):31–41 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2022157

河口回水动力的演变过程及其影响机制以长江河口为例

doi: 10.12284/hyxb2022157
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(51979296);广州市科技计划(202002030452)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    古俊豪(1998—),男,广东省梅州市人,主要从事河口海岸动力学研究。E-mail:gujh3@mail2.sysu.edu.cn

    通讯作者:

    蔡华阳(1986—),男,副教授,主要从事河口海岸动力学研究。E-mail:caihy7@mail.sysu.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: P343.5

The evolution of estuarine backwater dynamics and its underlying mechanism: a case study of the Changjiang River Estuary

  • 摘要: 河口回水区长度的时空演变对防洪、供水、航运等水资源高效开发利用具有重要指导意义。本文在经典河流回水理论的基础上考虑潮汐动力的影响,聚焦潮汐动力引起的回水效应问题,基于一维水动力解析模型,重新定义河口回水区上游界限(回水界),并以长江河口为例,探讨河口回水动力演变过程及其影响机制。结果表明:回水界距天生港的距离(即回水区长度)与上游流量、外海边界振幅分别具有显著的负相关和正相关关系,且基本为线性关系;回水界对径潮动力的响应比潮区界更为敏感,能有效表征河口感潮河段径潮动力格局演变;长江河口回水界位置具有明显的季节性差异,其春季和秋季回水界位于芜湖附近(春季和秋季分别距天生港419 km和367 km),冬季回水界位于感潮河段以上区域,夏季潮汐动力引起的回水效应基本可忽略;长江河口潮流因子和径潮相互作用因子控制的余水位梯度的季节性变化,是长江河口回水界位置变动的主导因素。
  • 图  1  长江河口位置

    Fig.  1  Location of the Changjiang River Estuary

    图  2  长江河口平均河宽(a)和底床高程(b)的沿程变化及其曲线拟合

    Fig.  2  Longitudinal variations of the tidally averaged channel width (a) and bed elevation (b) along the Changjiang River Estuary and their fitting curves

    图  3  实测潮波振幅(a)、余水位(b)与解析模型计算值的对比

    Fig.  3  Comparison of the observed tidal amplitude (a) and residual water level (b) with analytically computed results

    图  4  不同径潮动力组合条件下回水界参数ξ(a–c)和潮区界参数ζ(d–f)的沿程变化等值线图

    a–c中红色实线对应回水界ξ = 0.01;d–f中红色实线对应潮区界ζ = 0.01

    Fig.  4  Contour plots of longitudinal variations of parameters of backwater limit ξ (a–c) and tidal limit ζ (d–f) under different tide-river conditions

    The thick red lines represent the locations of the backwater limit ξ = 0.01 in a–c and tidal limit ζ = 0.01 in d–f

    图  5  不同径潮动力组合条件下回水界距天生港距离的等值线图

    Fig.  5  Contour plot of distance from Tianshenggang to backwater limit under different tide-river conditions

    图  6  长江河口月均流量及外海边界振幅变化(a)及对应条件下回水界参数ξ的时空变化等值线(b)

    b中红色实线对应回水界ξ = 0.01

    Fig.  6  Variations of monthly averaged discharge and tidal amplitude of seaward boundary (a) and contour plot of spatial-temporal variation of the backwater limit ξ under the corresponding conditions (b) in the Changjiang River Estuary

    The thick red lines represent the location of the backwater limit ξ = 0.01 in b

    图  7  不同季节长江河口余水位及回水界参数ξ的沿程变化

    a. 春季Q = 24 037 m3/s、$\eta _0 $ = 0.98 m;b. 夏季Q = 41 379 m3/s、$\eta _0 $ = 0.97 m;c. 秋季Q = 26 861 m3/s、$\eta _0 $ = 1.05 m;d. 冬季Q = 13 610 m3/s、$\eta _0 $ = 0.99 m;黑色虚线对应回水界参数ξ = 0.01

    Fig.  7  Longitudinal variations of the residual water level and the parameter of backwater limit ξ in the Changjiang River Estuary in different seasons

    a. Q = 24 037 m3/s and $\eta _0 $ = 0.98 m in spring; b. Q = 41 379 m3/s and $\eta _0 $ = 0.97 m in summer; c. Q = 26 861 m3/s and $\eta _0 $ = 1.05 m in autumn; d. Q = 13 610 m3/s and $\eta _0 $ = 0.99 m in winter. The dashed black lines correspond to the parameter of the backwater limit ξ = 0.01

    图  8  不同季节长江河口余水位梯度分解项ftftr的沿程变化

    a. 春季;b. 夏季;c. 秋季;d. 冬季

    Fig.  8  Longitudinal variations of ft and ftr derived from the residual water level slope in the Changjiang River Estuary in different seasons

    a. Spring; b. summer; c. autumn; d. winter

    图  9  不同季节长江河口余水位分解项及其占比的沿程变化

    a. 春季;b. 夏季;c. 秋季;d. 冬季

    Fig.  9  Longitudinal variations of derived from the residual water level and its contribution in the Changjiang River Estuary in different seasons

    a. Spring; b. summer; c. autumn; d. winter

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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2022-05-06
  • 修回日期:  2022-06-27
  • 网络出版日期:  2022-09-28
  • 刊出日期:  2023-01-17

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