西北太平洋海域黑潮区有机氯农药和多氯联苯的浓度及其组成特征

徐良; 贺静; 林明兰; 林田

doi:10.12284/hyxb2022132

西北太平洋海域黑潮区有机氯农药和多氯联苯的浓度及其组成特征

doi: 10.12284/hyxb2022132

徐良^1,,
贺静¹,
林明兰¹,
林田^1, ,

上海海洋大学海洋生态与环境学院，上海 201306

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（42076205）。

详细信息

作者简介:
徐良（1995-），男，安徽省滁州市人，研究方向为环境地球化学。E-mail：m190401014@st.shou.edu.cn

通讯作者:
林田，男，教授，主要从事海洋化学研究。E-mail：lintian@vip.gyig.ac.cn

中图分类号: X55；P722
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-10-20
- 修回日期: 2022-02-28
- 网络出版日期: 2022-08-15
- 刊出日期: 2022-08-15

Concentration and composition of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in the Kuroshio area of the Northwest Pacific Ocean

Xu Liang^1
,,
He Jing¹,
Lin Minglan¹,
Lin Tian^{1
, ,}

College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China

摘要

摘要: 由于传统持久性有机污染物（POPs）如有机氯农药（OCPs）和多氯联苯（PCBs）在全球范围内被广泛的限制或禁用，各种环境介质中的污染物浓度呈现逐年降低的趋势。西北太平洋作为远离大陆的开放性海域，无明显的污染点源，其洋流在POPs的输送和扩散过程中扮演重要的角色。本研究采集西北太平洋黑潮区表层和次表层（2～5 m和150 m）水体为研究对象，分析其中溶解态OCPs（六六六（HCHs）、滴滴涕（DDTs）、氯丹（CHLs））和PCBs的浓度及组成特征。结果显示，黑潮区表层水体中HCHs、DDTs、CHLs和PCBs的浓度范围分别为30.7～68.8 pg/L、6.16～23.8 pg/L、1.07～5.75 pg/L和49.8～124 pg/L；次表层水体中分别为27.3～68.4 pg/L、7.06～14.1 pg/L、0.518～10.1 pg/L和34.1～68.4 pg/L。HCHs各异构体的比值特征表明该海域以林丹输入为主，而DDTs和CHLs的比值结果显示，该海域水体中滴滴涕和氯丹均主要是来自于历史残留。水体中PCBs主要以三氯联苯、四氯联苯为主，与东亚多氯联苯的历史使用情况吻合。黑潮水团体量巨大且内部分布均匀，对污染物的垂直分布产生重要影响，即不同深度水体中OCPs、PCBs浓度及其组成相当；同时黑潮带来的高温、高营养盐水团对其海域生物体内污染物的富集形成潜在风险。
- 有机氯农药 /
- 多氯联苯 /
- 西北太平洋 /
- 黑潮 /
- 水体
Abstract: During the past decades of years, the widespread restrictions and ban on the use of legacy persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) around the world have resulted in gradual decrease in their concentration in various environmental media. As an open sea area, the Northwest Pacific Ocean is far away from the continental area without obvious pollution point source, the ocean currents play an important role in the transportation and diffusion of POPs. In this study, the surface waters (2−5 m) and subsurface waters (150 m) in the Kuroshio area of the Northwest Pacific Ocean were collected and analyzed for dissolved OCPs and PCBs. The results showed that the concentrations of HCHs, DDTs, CHLs and PCBs in the surface waters ranged from 30.7 pg/L to 68.8 pg/L, 6.16 pg/L to 23.8 pg/L, 1.07 pg/L to 5.75 pg/L and 49.8 pg/L to 124 pg/L, respectively; the concentrations in the subsurface waters ranged from 27.3 pg/L to 68.4 pg/L, 7.06 pg/L to 14.1 pg/L, 0.518 pg/L to 10.1 pg/L and 34.1 pg/L to 68.4 pg/L, respectively. The concentration levels of OCPs in different water bodies were comparable, which may be related to the huge water body and internal homogeneity of the Kuroshio. The ratios of the various isomers of HCHs indicated that the sea area was dominated by lindane input, while the ratio of DDTs and CHLs showed that the DDTs and CHLs in the waters of the sea area were mainly derived from the residues of legacy. PCBs were dominated by tri-PCBs and tetra-PCBs, which consistented with the use of PCBs in East Asia. The large volume and uniform internal distribution of Kuroshio water mass have an important impact on the vertical distribution of pollutants, that is, the concentration and composition of OCPs in water at different depths are similar. At the same time, Kuroshio brings high temperature and high nutrient salt water masses, forming potential risks to the enrichment of pollutants in the marine organisms.
- organochlorine pesticides /
- polychlorinated biphenyls /
- Northwest Pacific Ocean /
- Kuroshio /
- water body

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图 1 西北太平洋黑潮区水体采样点

Fig. 1 Sampling sites in the Kuroshio area in the Northwest Pacific Ocean

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图 2 西北太平洋黑潮区水体中HCHs（a）、DDTs（b）、CHLs（c）及PCBs（d）浓度分布

Fig. 2 Concentration of HCHs (a), DDTs (b), CHLs (c) and PCBs (d) in the water of the Kuroshio area in the Northwest Pacific Ocean

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图 3 西北太平洋黑潮区表层和次表水体中OCPs各异构体比值

Fig. 3 The ratio of OCPs in surface and subsurface water of the Kuroshio area in the Northwest Pacific Ocean

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图 4 西北太平洋黑潮区表层（a）和次表层（b）水体PCBs各组分组成

Fig. 4 Composition of PCBs in surface (a) and subsurface (b) water of the Kuroshio area in the Northwest Pacific Ocean

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表 1 西北太平洋水域水体中OCPs与其他水体的比较

Tab. 1 Comparison of the levels of OCPs in the Northwest Pacific Ocean and those in others sea areas

	水域	采样时间	HCHs浓度	DDTs浓度	参考文献
国内	闽江口	2003年	103～515 ng/L	89～234 ng/L	文献[16]
	长江口	2008年	6～15 ng/L	3～26 ng/L	文献[17]
	珠江	2012年	ND～45 ng/L	ND～20 ng/L	文献[18]
	渤海湾	2004年	50～750 ng/L	ND～105 ng/L	文献[19]
	南海	2010年	12.8～14.2 ng/L	4.55～13.3 ng/L	文献[20]
国外	南波罗的海	2003年	0.18～0.75 ng/L	0.05～0.32 ng/L	文献[21]
	阿利坎特湖	1992年	1～2 ng/L	5～13 ng/L	文献[22]
开阔大洋	北冰洋	2010年	107～759 pg/L	−	文献[23]
	北太平洋	2017年	77.4～532 pg/L	2.17～62 pg/L	文献[24]
	西北太平洋	2015年	30.7～68.8 pg/L	6.17～23.9 pg/L	本研究
注：−代表数据缺失; ND代表未检测到。

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表 2 西北太平洋水域水体中PCBs与其他水体的比较

Tab. 2 Comparison of the levels of PCBs in the Northwest Pacific Ocean and those in others sea areas

	水域	采样时间	PCBs浓度	化合物数量	参考文献
国内	东海	2012年	0.59～1.68 ng/L	11	文献[26]
	渤海	2013年	5.51～40.3 ng/L	41	文献[27]
	长江三角洲	2011年	1.23～16.6 ng/L	38	文献[28]
	大亚湾	1999年	91.1～1360 ng/L	12	文献[29]
	莱州湾	2004年	4.5～27.7 ng/L	7	文献[30]
	桑沟湾	2009年	19.6～43.7 ng/L	7	文献[11]
	珠江河口	2000年	33.4～1 060 ng/L	21	文献[31]
国外	日本冲绳岛	2002年	1.59～2.48 ng/L	41	文献[32]
	日本东京湾	2006年	0.04～0.64 ng/L	209	文献[33]
	孟加拉湾	2015年	32.2～161 ng/L	209	文献[34]
	杰纳布河	2015年	1.1～8.5 ng/L	7	文献[35]
	密西西比河	2007年	22.2～163 ng/L	28	文献[36]
开阔大洋	热带大西洋	2013年	ND～8.5 pg/L	14	文献[9]
	北大西洋	1992年	0.2～26 pg/L	36	文献[37]
	赤道太平洋	2006年	2.7～25 pg/L	21	文献[38]
	西北太平洋	2015年	49.8～125 pg/L	41	本研究
注：ND表示未检测到。

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