Experimental study on the sheltering effect between ice ridges on ice-water drag force
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摘要: 为定量研究多冰脊之间的尾流遮掩作用对海冰漂移运动的影响，物理模型试验（试验有限水深为0.45 m）测量了多冰脊拖曳力的衰减变化。冰脊模型选用底角为45°的等腰直角三角形，选取了4种入水深度、9种冰脊间距进行测量。试验得到了前后冰脊拖曳力及其比值在尾流遮掩情况下的变化规律。前冰脊拖曳力与单冰脊情况一致，与冰脊速度的平方保持线性关系；而后冰脊在间距较小时出现了反向拖曳力，随冰脊间距的增大，后冰脊拖曳系数先减小再增大至不变。前后冰脊拖曳力比值的变化规律可以用指数遮掩函数来描述，该遮掩函数与冰脊间距和入水深度有关而与流速无关。通过与现有海冰模式中的遮掩函数对比，研究结论增强了该指数公式的适用性，加强了对海冰动力学模式中遮掩函数的理解。Abstract: In order to quantitatively study the sheltering effect between multiple ridges keel on sea ice drift, the laboratory experiment is carried out in a tank, which is 0.45 m deep. The shape of keel models is a triangle with 45° slope angle, 4 keel depths and 9 keel spacings are selected in the experiments. The variations of the front and back keel drag force and its ratio under wake effect is investigated. The drag force on the front keel is not affected by the back keel and keeps a linear relationship with the square of keel velocity; however, the drag force of back keel appears negative value (opposite direction) when the keel spacing is small. With the increase of the spacing the drag coefficient of the back keel first decreases and then increases to a constant. The variation of the ratio of drag forces between the front and back can be described by an exponential sheltering function, which is related to keel spacings and keel depths, and independent of keel velocity. Compared with the sheltering functions which are used in present sea ice models, the exponential formula is given and improves our understanding about sheltering function in sea ice dynamic model.
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Key words:
- multiple ice ridges /
- drag force /
- the sheltering effect /
- parameterization
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图 1 实验示意图（a）和物理模型实验装置图（b）
Fig. 1 The sketch of the experimental study (a) and physical model test device diagram (b)
图 2 前冰脊拖曳力F1随无量纲间距L/H的变化
Fig. 2 Variation of drag force of front ice ridge F1 with dimensionless distance L/H
图 3 后冰脊拖曳力F2随流速平方（V 2）
的变化情况 Fig. 3 Variation of drag force of back ice ridge F2 with the square of velocity (V 2)
图 4 后冰脊拖曳力F2随无量纲间距L/H的变化情况
Fig. 4 Variation of drag force of back ice ridge F2 with dimensionless distance L/H
图 5 拖曳力比值F2/F1随无量纲间距L/H的变化
Fig. 5 The drag force ratio F2/F1 changes with the dimensionless distance L/H
表 1 模型实验相似依据
Tab. 1 Similarity basis of model experiment
无因次数 冰脊拖曳
系数Cr无量纲
间距雷诺数Re 无量纲入水
深度冰脊底角 表达式 $ {\dfrac{F}{ {\rho}{V}^{\text{2} }{H} } }$ $ { \dfrac{{L} }{{H} } }$ $ {\dfrac{ {VH} }{ {v} } }$ $ {\dfrac{{D} }{{H} } }$ a 
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