1986–2019年粤东企望湾砂质海岸线演变过程与驱动机制研究

朱萝云; 刘婷婷; 凡仁福; 丁圆婷; 于吉涛

doi:10.12284/hyxb2022100

1986–2019年粤东企望湾砂质海岸线演变过程与驱动机制研究

doi: 10.12284/hyxb2022100

朱萝云^1,,
刘婷婷¹,
凡仁福²,
丁圆婷³,
于吉涛^{1, 2, ,}

1.
河南理工大学测绘与国土信息工程学院，河南焦作 454000
2.
海南省海洋与渔业科学院，海南海口 571126
3.
海南师范大学地理与环境科学学院，海南海口 571158

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（42071007，41701011）；2021年海南省本级部门预算项目“珊瑚岛礁泥沙湍动力过程观测技术构建与应用”。

详细信息

作者简介:
朱萝云（1994―），女，河南省永城市人，从事地理信息技术及应用研究。E-mail：1076304138@qq.com

通讯作者:
于吉涛（1981―），男，山东省威海市人，博士，副教授，从事海滩过程与海岸地貌研究。E-mail：ddyjt@163.com

中图分类号: P737.1
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-07-08
- 修回日期: 2021-12-10
- 网络出版日期: 2022-07-01
- 刊出日期: 2022-07-01

Study on the evolution process and driving mechanism of the sandy shoreline of the Qiwang Bay in eastern Guangdong from 1986 to 2019

1.
School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
2.
Hainan Academy of Ocean and Fisheries Sciences, Haikou 571126, China
3.
School of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China

摘要

摘要: 本文采用1986–2019年113景Landsat影像提取高潮线，辅以2015–2019年实测剖面数据，开展了海湾尺度上海岸线的中长期演变过程与驱动机制研究。结果表明：企望湾以中间小型基岩岬角为界划分出的西侧海滩和东侧海滩分别具备4种和3种不同的空间特征；超过一半的区域其海岸线演变表现为非线性行为；Mann-Kendall趋势检验和显著性分析方法较好地解决了已有研究中对研究时段划分缺乏依据的问题；近5年的实测剖面数据也验证了企望湾近期显著的淤积和侵蚀现象。进一步研究表明，自西向东的沿岸输沙过程是近期海岸线演变主要的驱动机制，东侧防波堤因为改变了控制性“岬角”的位置，造成了海湾平面形态不平衡，而中间小型基岩岬角也影响了企望湾侵蚀和淤积的空间差异性。研究结果对于预测未来岸线位置和控制岸线侵蚀风险具有重要的理论和现实意义。
- 海岸线 /
- Landsat影像 /
- 非线性变化 /
- 沿岸输沙 /
- 岬湾海滩
Abstract: A dataset of the high water lines extracted from 113 Landsat images from 1986 to 2019 and the measured profile data from 2015 to 2019 were used to examine the middle-term to long-term shoreline process and driver at the embayment scale in this paper. The results show that the western and eastern beaches of the Qiwang Bay, which is separated by one small bedrock headland, have four and three different spatial characteristics, respectively. More than half of the shorelines behaved nonlinear in their variation trends. Thus, we use the Mann-Kendall method to solve the problem of the lack of basis for the division of time periods. In addition, the east breakwater resulted in the unstable embayment planform due to changing the position of the controlling “headland” and therefore the longshore sediment transport from west to east is the main driver of the most recent shoreline. And the intervening small bedrock headland also influenced the spatial variability of erosion and accretion at the Qiwang Bay. These findings will have important theoretical and practical significance for predicting further shoreline position and reducing the risk of shoreline erosion.
- shoreline /
- Landsat image /
- nonlinear change /
- longshore sediment transport /
- headland-bay beach

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图 1 研究区位置和等深线、剖面布设

黑点处113 m和179 m代表此处的高程

Fig. 1 Location of the study area, and its bathymetric contours and profile arrangement

113 m and 179 m at the black spots are the distance height

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图 2 使用的Landsat陆地卫星影像成像时刻潮高

Fig. 2 Landsat series satellite images available and tidal heights at the time of imaging

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图 3 2015–2019年夏季企望湾4条海滩剖面地形变化情况

Fig. 3 The morphological changes of four beach profiles at the Qiwang Bay in the summers of 2015 to 2019

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图 4 1986–2019年企望湾海岸线进退情况

Fig. 4 Shoreline advance and recession of the Qiwang Bay during 1986 to 2019

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图 5 LRR方法计算的企望湾不同时段海岸线进退情况

Fig. 5 Shoreline advance and recession during different periods calcultated by LRR method at the Qiwang Bay

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图 6 采用线性拟合方法和二项式拟合方法得到断面的长期趋势特征

Fig. 6 Long-term trend characteristics of individual intersect obtained by the methods of linear and binomial fitting

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图 7 M-K趋势检验得到具体断面的变化趋势及显著性检验

箭头指示了断面趋势发生明显变化

Fig. 7 The changing trend and significance test of specific transect obtained by M-K trend detecting method

The arrows indicate a marlced charge in the trend of the transect

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图 8 企望湾典型侵蚀（a−c，g−i）和淤积（d−f）岸段的特征

Fig. 8 Erosion (a−c, g−i) and accretion (d−f) characteristics of typical segments at the Qiwang Bay

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图 9 MEPBAY软件模拟东侧防波堤建设前后对海湾平衡平面形态的影响（a：动态平衡；b：不稳定）

Fig. 9 Modelling the impact of the absence and presence of the east breakwater on headland-bay equilibrium plan-form by the software of MEPBAY (a: dynamic equilibrium; b: unstable state)

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表 1 企望湾潮间带海滩平均坡度和泥沙粒径的沿岸变化

Tab. 1 Longshore variation in average beach gradient and sediment size from the intertidal beach at the Qiwang Bay

剖面	西部海滩							东部海滩
剖面	P01	P02	P03	P04	P05	P06	P07	P08	P09	P10	P11	P12
上部坡度/（°）	7.1	4.8	4.6	3.1	1.8	2.2	2.0	9.1	7.5	6.3	2.7	2.8
下部坡度/（°）	6.2	5.9	3.4	2.0	1.2	1.2	1.3	7.2	4.8	4.2	2.3	1.6
上部粒径（Φ）	1.60	1.58	1.84	2.28	2.41	2.47	2.44	1.30	1.05	1.50	2.27	2.54
下部粒径（Φ）	1.50	1.48	1.98	2.20	2.29	2.42	2.32	1.44	1.43	1.56	2.32	2.53

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表 2 近5年实测岸线位置数据和遥感岸线位置数据使用EPR和LRR方法计算的岸线变化速率值对比

Tab. 2 Comparison of the values of shoreline change rate by the methods of EPR and LRR using measured shoreline position data and remote sensing shoreline position data in recent five years

实测剖面	对应断面	实测岸线EPR值/（m·a⁻¹）	遥感岸线EPR值/（m·a⁻¹）	实测岸线LRR值/（m·a⁻¹）	遥感岸线LRR值/（m·a⁻¹）
P01	T40	−1.15	−3.52	−1.65	−3.13
P02	T59	−0.20	−4.39	−0.65	−5.23
P03	T104	−0.50	0.44	−0.18	−0.30
P04	T122	2.80	5.24	3.02	5.83
P05	T138	7.98	10.05	7.80	8.66
P06	T153	17.70	26.52	17.73	19.48
P07	T167	21.20	30.88	21.30	25.41
P08	T173	−6.33	−9.50	−7.23	−9.23
P09	T182	0.05	1.18	−0.08	0.65
P10	T193	16.55	20.27	15.20	14.45
P11	T202	15.3	23.85	14.46	20.58
P12	T217	10.2	13.82	10.71	12.95

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