Remote sensing monitoring and temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of gold tide in the South Yellow Sea
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摘要: 近年来海洋生态灾害频发，大量漂浮藻类聚集在海面和近岸海域，给沿岸城市的经济活动和生态健康带来了严重危害。本研究利用HY-1C、GF-1和HJ-1A/1B卫星遥感影像对南黄海海域2016–2020年4–6月份的马尾藻进行了信息提取和生长阶段的划分，并通过MODIS海温数据、光合有效辐射数据和海面风场数据来探究环境因子对马尾藻时空分布的影响。结果表明：（1）从时间上看马尾藻集中在每年的4–6月份暴发，2017年马尾藻的影响范围最大，其余年份较小；从空间上看马尾藻最早在长江入海口东北部远海被监测到，在35°～36°N附近海域消失；（2）从生长速率上看，马尾藻的生长阶段可以划分为“发展–暴发–消亡”3个阶段；（3）在不同的生长阶段，海水温度和光合有效辐射对马尾藻具有不同程度的影响，较高的海表温度和光合有效辐射导致2017年面积高于往年；在东南风的作用下，马尾藻呈从东南向西北漂移的趋势，这说明了马尾藻的时空特征受到多种环境因子的影响。Abstract: The marine ecological disasters occurred frequently in recent years. A large number of floating algae gather in the sea surface and inshore water, which brings serious harm to the economic activities and ecological health of coastal cities. In this study, HY-1C, GF-1 and HJ-1A/1B satellite remote sensing images were used to extract information and divide the growth stages of Sargassum in the South Yellow Sea from April to June in 2016 to 2020, combined with the MODIS sea surface temperature data, photosynthetically active radiation data and sea surface wind data to explore the effects of environmental factors on the temporal and spatial distribution of Sargassum. The results show that: (1) In terms of time, the Sargassum mainly appeared from April to June every year. Sargassum had the largest range of influence in 2017 and smaller in other years. In terms of space, the Sargassum was first detected in the far sea northeast of the Changjiang River Estuary and disappeared in the sea near 35°−36°N. (2) In terms of growth rate, the growth phase of Sargassum could be divided into three stages: “development-outbreak-extinction”. (3) At different growth stages, sea surface temperature and photosynthetically active radiation had different degrees of influence on Sargassum. The larger area of Sargassum in 2017 was mainly influenced by higher sea surface temperature and photosynthetically active radiation. The southeast monsoon promoted the drift of Sargassum from the southeast to the northwest and north. This shows that the spatiotemporal characteristics of Sargassum are affected by a variety of environmental factors.
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Key words:
- HY-1C satellite /
- VB-FAH /
- Sargassum /
- sea surface temperature /
- photosynthetically active radiation /
- South Yellow Sea
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图 1 研究区范围（底图为几何校正后的 HY-1C影像）
a, b. 研究区；c. 漂浮的马尾藻；d. 实测光谱曲线
Fig. 1 Study area (the map is HY-1C geometric correction image)
a, b. Study area; c. the floating Sargassum; d. the spectral curve
图 3 HY-1C卫星和GF-1卫星真彩色影像
波段组合为R:3，G:2，B:1，A和B表示浒苔，C和D表示马尾藻，a、b、c、d和e是随机选取的样本区域
Fig. 3 HY-1C satellite and GF-1 satellite true color images
Band combination is R:3, G:2, B:1. A and B represent Ulva prolifera, C and D represent Sargassum. a, b, c, d and e are randomly selected sample areas
图 4 浒苔（a）、马尾藻（b）和海水（c）VB-FAH数值分布
Fig. 4 Distribution of VB-FAH values for Ulva prolifera (a), Sargassum (b) and seawater (c)
图 6 2016−2020年马尾藻时空分布（a−e）及漂移路径（f）
Fig. 6 Temporal and spatial distribution (a−e) and drift paths (f) of Sargassum in 2016−2020
图 7 南黄海2016−2020年马尾藻最大日覆盖面积
Fig. 7 Maximum daily coverage area of Sargassum in the South Yellow Sea in 2016−2020
图 9 海表温度（SST）对不同阶段马尾藻的影响
Fig. 9 Effects of sea surface temperature on Sargassum in different stages
图 10 黄海2016−2020年4–6月海温异常（SSTA）
Fig. 10 Sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) in the Yellow Sea from April to June in 2016−2020
图 11 光合有效辐射（PAR）对不同阶段马尾藻的影响
Fig. 11 Effects of photosynthetically active radiation on Sargassum in different stages
图 12 黄海2016−2020年4−6月光合有效辐射异常（PARA）
Fig. 12 Photosynthetically active radiation anomaly (PARA) in the Yellow Sea from April to June in 2016−2020
图 13 2016−2020年南黄海4−6月海面风场
Fig. 13 Sea surface wind field of the South Yellow Sea from April to June in 2016−2020
表 1 HY-1C、GF-1和HJ-1A/1B卫星影像日期
Tab. 1 The image date of HY-1C, GF-1 and HJ-1A/1B satellite
HY-1C日期 HJ-1A/1B日期 GF-1日期 2016年 − 5月28日 5月11日，5月17日，5月19日，6月1日，6月13日 2017年 − 5月21日 4月29日，5月7日，5月1日，5月14日，5月18日，5月27日，6月9日 2018年 − 5月25日，5月31日 4月28日，5月10日，5月14日，5月23日 2019年 5月7日，5月23日 5月16日 5月3日，5月31日，6月3日 2020年 5月15日，5月18日，6月8日 − 4月24日，6月3日 注：−代表无数据。 
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