钝缀锦蛤（<i>Tapes dorsatus</i>）稚贝的温度和盐度耐受性研究

张柯馨; 曹楚畑; 刘志刚; 吴加莹; 张元; 展建强; 陈麟广

doi:10.12284/hyxb2022094

钝缀锦蛤（Tapes dorsatus）稚贝的温度和盐度耐受性研究

doi: 10.12284/hyxb2022094

张柯馨^1,,
曹楚畑¹,
刘志刚^{1, 2, ,},
吴加莹¹,
张元¹,
展建强¹,
陈麟广¹

1.
广东海洋大学水产学院，广东湛江 524088
2.
广东省海产无脊椎动物科技创新中心，广东湛江 524088

基金项目: 2019广西创新驱动发展专项（桂科AA19254032-3）。

详细信息

作者简介:
张柯馨（1998-），女，河南省安阳市人，主要从事贝类遗传育种与增养殖的研究。E-mail: 2190678425@qq.com

通讯作者:
刘志刚，教授，主要从事贝类遗传育种与增养殖的研究。E-mail: Liuzg919@126.com

中图分类号: S917.4
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-07-22
- 修回日期: 2022-01-03
- 刊出日期: 2022-04-14

Study on temperature and salinity tolerance of Tapes dorsatus juveniles

1.
College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
2.
Guangdong Marine Invertebrate Science and Technology Innovation Center, Zhanjiang 524088, China

摘要

摘要: 本实验在室内控制条件下，采用实验生态学方法研究了钝缀锦蛤（Tapes dorsatus）稚贝对温度和盐度的耐受性。在温度耐受性方面：（1）稚贝在低温端温度为4℃、6℃、8℃、10℃时保持90%～100%存活的时间分别为0 d、2 d、3 d、7 d；在高温端温度为33℃、34℃、35℃、36℃时保持90%～100%存活率的时间分别为5 d、4 d、1 d、0 d；（2）在温度胁迫条件下，钝缀锦蛤在48 h、96 h、144 h和192 h的半致死温度在低温端分别为5.02℃、7.68℃、9.01℃和9.20℃；高温端分别为35.44℃、34.74℃、34.43℃和34.25℃。在盐度耐受性方面：（1）在低盐端盐度为13.0、15.6、18.2、20.8、23.4时保持90%～100%存活率的时间分别为1 d、1 d、≥9 d、≥9 d、≥9 d；在高盐端盐度为41.6、44.2、46.8、49.4、52.0时保持90%～100%存活率的时间分别为9 d、2 d、1 d、1 d、1 d；（2）钝缀锦蛤稚贝在48 h、96 h、144 h和192 h的半致死盐度，低盐端分别为14.46、16.02、16.76、16.91；高盐端分别为>52.0、51.79、50.58、48.88；（3）存活的适宜盐度为16.91～48.20，最适盐度为18.20～41.60；生长的适宜盐度为23.58～45.15，最适盐度为33.90。本实验结果表明，钝缀锦蛤稚贝对高温的耐受性较强，适合在南方温度较高的海域养殖；其适宜生存盐度范围较广，最适生长盐度与外海海水盐度基本相同，适合外海养殖。
- 钝缀锦蛤 /
- 稚贝 /
- 温度 /
- 盐度 /
- 耐受性
Abstract: In order to investigate the tolerance of temperature and salinity of Tapes dorsatus juveniles, ecological methods with the laboratory controlled system was used in this study. The results showed that: (1) in the temperature tolerance test, juveniles maintained 90%−100% survival rate at the low-temperature groups (4℃, 6℃, 8℃ and 10℃) for 0 d, 2 d, 3 d and 7 d and at the high-temperature groups (33℃, 34℃, 35℃ and 36℃) for 5 d, 4 d, 1 d and 0 d, respectively; (2) under temperature stress, at the low-temperature groups, the semilethal temperatures at 48 h, 96 h, 144 h and 192 h were 5.02℃, 7.68℃, 9.01℃ and 9.20℃. And in the high-temperature groups, the semilethal temperatures at 48 h, 96 h, 144 h and 192 h were 35.44℃, 34.74℃, 34.43℃ and 34.25℃, respectively. In the salinity tolerance test, (1) juveniles maintained 90%−100% survival rate at low-salinity groups (13.0, 15.6, 18.2, 20.8 and 23.4) for 1 d, 1 d, ≥9 d, ≥9 d and ≥9 d while in the high-salinity groups (41.6, 44.2, 46.8, 49.4 and 52.0) followed by 9 d, 2 d, 1 d, 1 d and 1 d, respectively; (2) the semilethal salinity at 48 h, 96 h, 144 h and 192 h in the low-salinity groups were 14.46, 16.02, 16.76 and 16.91, while in the high-salinity groups were >52.0, 51.79, 50.58 and 48.88, respectively; (3) for survival, the suitable and the optimum salinities of T. dorsatus juveniles were 16.91−48.20 and 18.20−41.60, respectively. For growth, the suitable and the optimum salinities were 23.58−45.15 and 33.90, respectively. The results indicated that T. dorsatus juveniles had strong tolerance to high temperature and were suitable for cultivation with higher temperatures in the southern sea area. The suitable survival salinity range was wide, and the optimal growth salinity was basically the same as the offshore sea water. T. dorsatus juveniles suitable for breeding in the offshore sea water.
- Tapes dorsatus /
- juveniles /
- temperature /
- salinity /
- tolerance

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图 1 高、低端温度下钝缀锦蛤稚贝相对存活率随时间的变化

Fig. 1 Relative survival rate changed with time at high temperature zone and low temperature zone for Tapes dorsatus juveniles

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图 2 不同盐度下钝缀锦蛤稚贝的存活率

上标不同小写字母表示各组之间差异显著（p<0.05）

Fig. 2 Survival rate of Tapes dorsatus juveniles at different salinities

Different superscript lowercase letters indicate significant differences between groups (p<0.05)

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图 3 钝缀锦蛤稚贝随盐度变化的鲜重日增长率

上标不同小写字母表示各组之间差异显著（p<0.05）

Fig. 3 Daily growth rate changed with salinity for fresh weight of Tapes dorsatus juveniles

Different superscript lowercase letters indicate significant differences between groups (p<0.05)

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图 4 钝缀锦蛤稚贝随盐度变化的壳长、壳高日增长率

上标不同小写字母表示各组之间差异显著（p<0.05）

Fig. 4 Daily growth rate changed with salinity for shell legnth and shell height of Tapes dorsatus juveniles

Different superscript lowercase letters indicate significant differences between groups (p<0.05)

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表 1 钝缀锦蛤稚贝在不同温度48 h、96 h、144 h和192 h下的相对存活率

Tab. 1 Relative survival rate of Tapes dorsatus juveniles at different temperatures for 48 h, 96 h, 144 h and 192 h

温度/℃	相对存活率/%
温度/℃	48 h	96 h	144 h	192 h
4	0±0^c	0±0^c	0±0^c	0±0^d
6	97.78±3.85^a	19.08±3.69b^c	0±0^c	0±0^d
8	98.89±1.92^a	57.76±6.34^b	0±0^c	0±0^d
10	100.00±0^a	98.89±1.92^a	97.78±1.92^a	84.37±5.82^b
26（对照）	100.00±0^a	100.00±0^a	100.00±0^a	100.00±0^a
33	98.89±1.92^a	97.74±1.96^a	87.6±25.15^b	71.84±5.72b^c
34	98.89±1.92^a	91.00±2.03^a	83.2±25.58^b	67.51±7.96^c
35	89.89±3.34^b	32.68±9.04^b	6.78±3.51^C	0±0^d
36	0±0^c	0±0^c	0±0^c	0±0^d
注：上标不同小写字母表示各组之间差异显著（p<0.05）。

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表 2 钝缀锦蛤稚贝在不同盐度48 h、96 h、144 h和192 h下的相对存活率

Tab. 2 Relative survival rate of juveniles Tapes dorsatus at different salinities for 48 h, 96 h, 144 h and 192 h

盐度	相对存活率/%
盐度	48 h	96 h	144 h	192 h
13.0	10.00±8.82^d	0±0^e	0±0^e	0±0^e
15.6	82.22±10.72^c	40.00±8.82^d	12.22±3.85^e	3.33±1.92^e
18.2	98.89±1.92^a	97.78±1.92^a	96.67±3.33^a	95.56±1.96^a
20.8	98.89±1.92^a	97.78±1.92^a	97.78±1.92^a	96.67±0^a
23.4	98.89±1.92^a	96.67±3.34^ab	95.56±1.92^a	94.44±1.92^a
26.0	100.00±0^a	98.89±1.92^a	98.89±1.92^a	96.67±3.33^a
28.6	100.00±0^a	100.00±0^a	98.89±1.92^a	97.78±1.92^a
31.2	100.00±0^a	100.00±0^a	100.00±0^a	100.00±0^a
32.6（对照）	100.00±0^a	100.00±0^a	100.00±0^a	100.00±0^a
33.8	100.00±0^a	98.89±1.92^a	98.89±1.92^a	97.78±3.85^a
36.4	98.89±1.92^a	97.78±1.92^a	97.78±1.92^a	97.78±1.92^a
39.0	96.67±0^ab	94.44±1.93^ab	92.22±1.92^ab	92.22±1.92^a
41.6	100.00±0^a	100.00±0^a	96.67±0^a	91.11±1.92^a
44.2	92.22±3.85^abc	80.00±3.33^b	80.00±3.33^b	76.67±0^b
46.8	83.33±3.34^c	66.67±10.00^c	65.56±8.38^c	64.44±10.18^b
49.4	85.56±5.09^bc	62.22±10.72^c	54.44±8.39^c	45.56±6.94^c
52.0	83.33±3.34^c	42.22±6.94^d	37.78±10.72^d	17.78±8.39^d
注：上标不同小写字母表示各组之间差异显著（p<0.05）。

下载: 导出CSV

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