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黄河口邻近海域浮游幼虫群落结构季节变化

左涛 李永涛 左明 程兆龙 王俊 王安东

左涛,李永涛,左明,等. 黄河口邻近海域浮游幼虫群落结构季节变化[J]. 海洋学报,2022,44(4):47–56 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2022092
引用本文: 左涛,李永涛,左明,等. 黄河口邻近海域浮游幼虫群落结构季节变化[J]. 海洋学报,2022,44(4):47–56 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2022092
Zuo Tao,Li Yongtao,Zuo Ming, et al. Seasonal variations of the planktonic larvae community in the Huanghe River Estuary adjacent waters[J]. Haiyang Xuebao,2022, 44(4):47–56 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2022092
Citation: Zuo Tao,Li Yongtao,Zuo Ming, et al. Seasonal variations of the planktonic larvae community in the Huanghe River Estuary adjacent waters[J]. Haiyang Xuebao,2022, 44(4):47–56 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2022092

黄河口邻近海域浮游幼虫群落结构季节变化

doi: 10.12284/hyxb2022092
基金项目: 科技部国家重点研发计划(2019YFD0901202);青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室青年人才培育项目(LMEES-YTSP-2018-04-03);中国海油海洋环境与生态保护公益基金(CF-MEEC/TR/2018-06)。
详细信息
    作者简介:

    左涛(1976-),女,江西省抚州市人,副研究员,主要从事渔业生态学研究。E-mail: zuotao@ysfri.ac.cn

  • 中图分类号: Q145+.2;Q178.53

Seasonal variations of the planktonic larvae community in the Huanghe River Estuary adjacent waters

  • 摘要: 基于2019−2020年4个季节的6个航次海上生态调查,研究黄河口邻近海域的浮游幼虫群落结构及其与环境因子的关系,旨在为海域生物多样性保护与重要生物资源养护提供科学基础。结果显示:在黄河口邻近海域,共鉴定出浮游幼虫16类,阶段性浮游幼虫是主要组成类群。浮游幼虫月均丰度以11月最高、1月最低。浮游幼虫香农−威纳多样性指数(H')夏季(6−8月)高和秋冬季(11月至翌年1月)低。双壳类幼虫和无节幼虫是海区各季节的优势种及浮游幼虫总丰度的主要贡献者,腹足类幼虫、多毛类幼虫以及耳状幼虫、桡足幼虫等是季节性出现的优势种。春−夏间优势种组成更替率高。相对高丰度浮游幼虫主要分布于黄河口入海口附近、小清河口及莱州湾中部。基于浮游幼虫类群丰度组成的聚类分析,可将调查月和站位各分为3个不同的聚类组。月聚类组分别为春季(4月)、夏秋季(6−11月)和冬季(1月),春季、冬季聚类组的代表类群是无节幼虫,夏秋季聚类组的代表类群是双壳幼虫。3个站位聚类组的组成站位的地理分布交错,代表类群都为双壳类幼虫和无节幼虫。多元方差(MANOVA)和相似性分析(ANOSIM)检验显示,海区内浮游幼虫的多样性指数、丰度、群聚结构等都表现为月间差异显著(p<0.05),站位间差异不显著(p>0.05)。生物−环境逐步多重回归分析表明,影响浮游幼虫群聚结构的最佳环境因子组合为水温和浮游动物丰度。
  • 图  1  调查区域和站位分布

    Fig.  1  Study area and stations distribution

    图  2  主要环境因子均值的月变化

    Fig.  2  Monthly variation of mean value of main environment factor

    图  3  总浮游幼虫及主要浮游幼虫类群的丰度均值

    Fig.  3  Mean abundance of total planktonic larvae and main planktonic larvae taxa

    图  4  总浮游幼虫丰度(ind./m3)及主要类群丰度(ind./m3)的时空分布

    a. 总浮游幼虫;b. 多毛类幼虫;c. 无节幼虫;d. 腹足类幼虫;e. 双壳类幼虫;f. 耳状幼虫

    Fig.  4  Temporal-spatial abundance (ind./m3) distributions of total planktonic larva and major taxa

    a. Total planktonic larvae; b. polychaeta larva; c. nauplii; d. gastropoda larva; e. bivalve larva; f. auricularia larva

    图  5  浮游幼虫丰度聚类分析

    Fig.  5  Cluster analysis of planktonic larva based on the abundance among months and stations

    图  6  主要浮游幼虫类群的丰度与水温和盐度的相对分布

    Fig.  6  Relative distributions of the main planktonic larvae taxa abundance with water temperature and salinity

    表  1  黄河口邻近海域浮游幼虫及其优势种和优势度

    Tab.  1  Dominant taxa and their dominance value of planktonic larvae in the Huanghe River Estuary adjacent waters

    类别2019年 2020年
    4月6月8月11月 1月4月
    环节动物门
    多毛类幼虫+0.090.120.09+
    软体动物门
    腹足类幼虫+0.060.18++0.06
    双壳类幼虫0.020.360.400.770.050.09
    头足类幼虫+
    节肢动物门甲壳类
    无节幼虫0.620.030.030.030.670.61
    桡足幼虫0.02+
    短尾类的蚤状幼虫++++
    短尾类的大眼幼虫+
    歪尾类的蚤状幼虫++
    长尾类幼虫++++++
    阿利玛幼虫++
    帚虫动物门
    辐轮幼虫+++++
    棘皮动物门
    耳状幼虫+0.02++
    长腕幼虫0.02+
    脊索动物门
    鱼卵++++
    仔鱼++++
      注:“+”表示出现,非优势种。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  黄河口邻近海域浮游幼虫及环境因子多元方差分析统计信息

    Tab.  2  Statistical information from MANOVA analysis of planktonic larvae and environmental factors in the Huanghe River Estuary adjacent waters

    类别站位间月间
    FpFp
    总浮游幼虫1.400.144.22<0.01
    多毛类幼虫0.930.534.92<0.01
    腹足类幼虫0.990.4711.19<0.01
    双壳类幼虫0.970.496.89<0.01
    无节幼虫0.980.484.300.001
    耳状幼虫0.970.493.690.004
    水温1.210.26692.11<0.01
    盐度2.460.0029.98<0.01
    pH20.016<0.01
    Chl a浓度1.250.2311.00<0.01
    浮游动物1.320.1810.26<0.01
    浮游植物1.340.172.800.02
    底栖动物1.030.431.110.36
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  环境因子及其最佳匹配组合与浮游幼虫群聚结构的 Weighted Spearman 等级相关系数

    Tab.  3  Weighted Spearman rank correlation coefficient for environmental factors and their best combinations with the planktonic larvae assemblage structure

    环境因子相关系数
    月间站位间
    水温0.6180.076
    盐度<0.0010.100
    pH<0.0010.160
    Chl a浓度0.007<0.001
    月径流量0.3850.091
    浮游动物0.6230.110
    浮游植物0.3080.06
    底栖动物0.0820.053
    最佳组合0.67*(水温,浮游动物)0.169(pH,浮游动物)
      注:*相关性达显著水平(p<0.05)。
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2021-10-28
  • 修回日期:  2021-12-21
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