Seasonal variations of the planktonic larvae community in the Huanghe River Estuary adjacent waters
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摘要: 基于2019−2020年4个季节的6个航次海上生态调查,研究黄河口邻近海域的浮游幼虫群落结构及其与环境因子的关系,旨在为海域生物多样性保护与重要生物资源养护提供科学基础。结果显示:在黄河口邻近海域,共鉴定出浮游幼虫16类,阶段性浮游幼虫是主要组成类群。浮游幼虫月均丰度以11月最高、1月最低。浮游幼虫香农−威纳多样性指数(H')夏季(6−8月)高和秋冬季(11月至翌年1月)低。双壳类幼虫和无节幼虫是海区各季节的优势种及浮游幼虫总丰度的主要贡献者,腹足类幼虫、多毛类幼虫以及耳状幼虫、桡足幼虫等是季节性出现的优势种。春−夏间优势种组成更替率高。相对高丰度浮游幼虫主要分布于黄河口入海口附近、小清河口及莱州湾中部。基于浮游幼虫类群丰度组成的聚类分析,可将调查月和站位各分为3个不同的聚类组。月聚类组分别为春季(4月)、夏秋季(6−11月)和冬季(1月),春季、冬季聚类组的代表类群是无节幼虫,夏秋季聚类组的代表类群是双壳幼虫。3个站位聚类组的组成站位的地理分布交错,代表类群都为双壳类幼虫和无节幼虫。多元方差(MANOVA)和相似性分析(ANOSIM)检验显示,海区内浮游幼虫的多样性指数、丰度、群聚结构等都表现为月间差异显著(p<0.05),站位间差异不显著(p>0.05)。生物−环境逐步多重回归分析表明,影响浮游幼虫群聚结构的最佳环境因子组合为水温和浮游动物丰度。Abstract: Planktonic larvae are the necessary stages during the growth and development of many fishery species, such as shellfish, benthic fish, polychaete in the Huanghe River Estuary adjacent waters. Seasonal studies on the planktonic larvae community were carried out for biodiversity and bio-resource protection researches in the region. The larvae samples were collected from the vertical hauling of a mesh size 0.160 mm plankton net onboarding of six cruises during April 2019, June 2019, and August 2019, November 2019, January and April 2020 in the sea. Of the 16 planktonic larvae identified, 87% groups were meroplankton. The community diversity index (H') showed higher in June and August than in November and January. For the study region, the dominant organisms of planktonic larvae were bivalve larvae, nauplii, gastropoda larvae, polychaeta larvae, copepodite larvae, auricularia larvae. But the composition of dominant species varied with seasons, with the highest seasonal turnover rate (67%) from April to June, only bivalve larvae and nauplii dominated the planktonic larvae community for all seasons. Total planktonic larvae abundance reached the highest in November, the lowest in January. The planktonic larvae had their high abundance mostly near the estuaries of the Huanghe River and the Xiaoqinghe River, and in the middle part of Laizhou Bay. By cluster analysis, three assemblages of communities were differentiated based on the family compositions and their abundance at each station of six surveyed months. The representative species for monthly cluster groups were nauplii for spring (April) and winter (January) groups, bivalve larvae for summer-autumn (June to November) group. The station cluster groups overlapped geographically with the same representative species (bivalve larvae and nauplii). From statistical analysis of MANOVA and ANOSIM, biodiversity index, abundance, similarity among cluster groups presented significantly different among measured months, but stations, suggesting a seasonal variation for planktonic larvae community. Bio-environment multiple regression analysis showed that the combination of water temperature and zooplankton abundance had the most effects on the planktonic larvae community.
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Key words:
- planktonic larvae /
- community structure /
- Huanghe River Estuary
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图 4 总浮游幼虫丰度(ind./m3)及主要类群丰度(ind./m3)的时空分布
a. 总浮游幼虫;b. 多毛类幼虫;c. 无节幼虫;d. 腹足类幼虫;e. 双壳类幼虫;f. 耳状幼虫
Fig. 4 Temporal-spatial abundance (ind./m3) distributions of total planktonic larva and major taxa
a. Total planktonic larvae; b. polychaeta larva; c. nauplii; d. gastropoda larva; e. bivalve larva; f. auricularia larva
表 1 黄河口邻近海域浮游幼虫及其优势种和优势度
Tab. 1 Dominant taxa and their dominance value of planktonic larvae in the Huanghe River Estuary adjacent waters
类别 2019年 2020年 4月 6月 8月 11月 1月 4月 环节动物门 多毛类幼虫 + 0.09 0.12 0.09 + 软体动物门 腹足类幼虫 + 0.06 0.18 + + 0.06 双壳类幼虫 0.02 0.36 0.40 0.77 0.05 0.09 头足类幼虫 + 节肢动物门甲壳类 无节幼虫 0.62 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.67 0.61 桡足幼虫 0.02 + 短尾类的蚤状幼虫 + + + + 短尾类的大眼幼虫 + 歪尾类的蚤状幼虫 + + 长尾类幼虫 + + + + + + 阿利玛幼虫 + + 帚虫动物门 辐轮幼虫 + + + + + 棘皮动物门 耳状幼虫 + 0.02 + + 长腕幼虫 0.02 + 脊索动物门 鱼卵 + + + + 仔鱼 + + + + 注:“+”表示出现,非优势种。 表 2 黄河口邻近海域浮游幼虫及环境因子多元方差分析统计信息
Tab. 2 Statistical information from MANOVA analysis of planktonic larvae and environmental factors in the Huanghe River Estuary adjacent waters
类别 站位间 月间 F p F p 总浮游幼虫 1.40 0.14 4.22 <0.01 多毛类幼虫 0.93 0.53 4.92 <0.01 腹足类幼虫 0.99 0.47 11.19 <0.01 双壳类幼虫 0.97 0.49 6.89 <0.01 无节幼虫 0.98 0.48 4.30 0.001 耳状幼虫 0.97 0.49 3.69 0.004 水温 1.21 0.26 692.11 <0.01 盐度 2.46 0.002 9.98 <0.01 pH 2 0.01 6 <0.01 Chl a浓度 1.25 0.23 11.00 <0.01 浮游动物 1.32 0.18 10.26 <0.01 浮游植物 1.34 0.17 2.80 0.02 底栖动物 1.03 0.43 1.11 0.36 表 3 环境因子及其最佳匹配组合与浮游幼虫群聚结构的 Weighted Spearman 等级相关系数
Tab. 3 Weighted Spearman rank correlation coefficient for environmental factors and their best combinations with the planktonic larvae assemblage structure
环境因子 相关系数 月间 站位间 水温 0.618 0.076 盐度 <0.001 0.100 pH <0.001 0.160 Chl a浓度 0.007 <0.001 月径流量 0.385 0.091 浮游动物 0.623 0.110 浮游植物 0.308 0.06 底栖动物 0.082 0.053 最佳组合 0.67*(水温,浮游动物) 0.169(pH,浮游动物) 注:*相关性达显著水平(p<0.05)。 -
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