黄河口及邻近海域鱼卵、仔稚鱼群落结构及多样性的年间变化

杨艳艳; 朱明明; 冯银银; 李焕军; 陈玮; 王秀霞; 陈建强; 苏海霞

doi:10.12284/hyxb2022074

黄河口及邻近海域鱼卵、仔稚鱼群落结构及多样性的年间变化

doi: 10.12284/hyxb2022074

山东省海洋资源与环境研究院山东省海洋生态修复重点实验室，山东烟台264006

基金项目: 山东省支持青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室重大科技专项（2018SDKJ0501-1）；山东省自然科学基金重点项目（ZR2020KE050）；烟台市科技创新发展计划（2021XDHZ053）；烟台市科技创新发展计划（2020MSGY061）；农村农业部财政项目“黄渤海产卵场调查”项目（125C0505）；烟台市重点研发计划（2019XDHZ097）；山东省海岸带环境过程重点实验室（中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所）开放基金（2019SDHADKFJJ16）；烟台市科技创新发展计划（2021MSGY031)

详细信息

作者简介:
杨艳艳（1981—），女，黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市人，副研究员，从事海洋生物资源生态研究。E-mail：xqdlmu@163.com

通讯作者:
李焕军，研究员，主要从事渔业资源研究。E-mail：Lihuanju@126.com

中图分类号: S932.4
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- 文章访问数: 507
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-09-17
- 修回日期: 2021-11-15
- 刊出日期: 2022-04-14

Annual changes in the community structure and diversity of fish eggs and larvae in the Huanghe River Estuary and its adjacent waters

Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration for Marine Ecology, Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Reseach Institute, Yantai 264006, China

摘要

摘要: 为了解黄河口及邻近海域鱼卵、仔稚鱼的群落结构动态，分别于2014年、2015年、2017年和2018年的6月利用大型浮游生物网对黄河口及邻近海域进行4个航次的表层水平拖网调查。根据鱼卵、仔稚鱼的种类组成、数量分布等群落结构特征，运用生物多样性指数、聚类分析和皮尔逊相关性矩阵分析等方法对该海域鱼卵、仔稚鱼的资源分布进行了综合研究。结果表明，4年调查共采获鱼卵3 829粒，仔稚鱼234尾，隶属于7目14科15属。鱼卵的主要优势种为鳀（Engraulis japonicus）和短吻红舌鳎（Cynoglossus joyeri），仔稚鱼的主要优势种为斑鰶（Konosirus punctatus）和虾虎鱼科未定种Gobiidae sp.。生物多样性各指数均以2015年最高，2018年最低。利用R语言对鱼卵、仔稚鱼年间种类组成相似性进行聚类，将4个调查年份划分为3组，各分组之间主要的分歧种均为鳀。生物多样性各指数与环境因子之间皮尔逊相关性分析表明，盐度与鱼卵、仔稚鱼生物多样性的关系较为密切。分析认为，黄河口及邻近海域鱼卵、仔稚鱼群落分布和多样性的年间变化特征体现了鱼类对环境变异的响应。
- 鱼卵 /
- 仔稚鱼 /
- 优势种 /
- 数量分布 /
- 黄河口
Abstract: In order to understand the community structure dynamics of fish eggs and larvae in the estuarine waters, four surveys were conducted in the coastal waters of the Huanghe River Estuary in June of 2014, 2015, 2017, and 2018. According to the species composition and quantitative distribution of fish eggs and larvae, the resource distribution of fish eggs and larvae in this water area was comprehensively studied by using the methods of biodiversity index, R software clustering and Pearson correlation matrix analysis. The results showed that a total of 3 829 fish eggs and 234 larvae were collected during the four surveys by horizontal trawl with plankton net. The obtained fish eggs and larvae belonged to 7 orders, 14 families and 15 genera. The dominant species of eggs were Engraulis japonicus and Cynoglossus joyeri. The dominant species of larvae were Konosirus punctatus and Gobiidae sp. All biodiversity indexes were the highest in 2015 and the lowest in 2018. Used the R language to cluster the similarity of the species composition between fish eggs and larvae, and divided the 4 survey years into 3 groups, each grouping the main divergent species were E. japonicus. The results of Pearson correlation matrix showed that salinity was closely related to the biodiversity of fish eggs and larvae. The analysis showed that the annual variation characteristics of community distribution and diversity of fish eggs and larvae in the Huanghe River Estuary and adjacent waters reflected the response of fish to environmental variation.
- fish eggs /
- fish larvae /
- dominant species /
- quantitative distribution /
- Huanghe River Estuary

HTML全文

图 1 黄河口及邻近海域调查站位

Fig. 1 Sample stations in the Huanghe River Estuary and its adjacent waters

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图 2 黄河口及邻近海域鱼卵空间分布

−20、−15、−10、−5表示等深线的数值（单位：m）

Fig. 2 Space distribution of fish eggs in the Huanghe River Estuary and its adjacent waters

−20, −15, −10, −5 represent the values of the isobath (unit: m)

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图 3 黄河口及邻近海域仔稚鱼空间分布

−20、−15、−10、−5表示等深线的数值（单位：m）

Fig. 3 Space distribution of larvae in the Huanghe River Estuary and its adjacent waters

−20, −15, −10, −5 represent the values of the isobath (unit: m)

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图 4 2014−2018年黄河口及邻近海域鱼卵、仔稚鱼生物指数

Fig. 4 Species indexes of fish eggs and larvae in the Huanghe River Estuary and its adjacent waters from 2014 to 2018

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图 5 生物指数与环境因子的皮尔逊相关性矩阵

*表示显著性水平p<0.05；**表示显著性水平p<0.01；***表示显著性水平p<0.001；红色数字表示正相关，蓝色数字表示负相关；直方图表示因子的频度分布；黑圆圈表示D、H'、J'、表层温度、表层盐度和水深中任意两因子间的散点图；红线表示两因子之间的光滑拟合曲线；图中的横、纵坐标代表D、H'、J'、表层温度、表层盐度和水深

Fig. 5 Pearson correlation matrix between diversity of species indexes and environmental factors

* indicates significance level p<0.05; **indicates significance level p<0.01; ***indicates significance level p<0.001; red numbers indicate positive correlation, blue numbers indicate negative correlation; histogram indicates frequency distribution of factors; black circle indicates the scatter plot between any two factors of D, H', J', sea surface temperature, sea surface salinity and depth; red line indicates smooth curves in bivariate plots; the horizontal and vertical coordinates in the figure are values representing D, H', J' , sea surface temperature, sea surface salinity and depth

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图 6 聚类树的融合水平值

Fig. 6 Fusion level values of cluster tree

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图 7 黄河口及邻近海域鱼卵、仔稚鱼群落结构年间变化聚类分析

Fig. 7 Cluster analysis of annual changes in the community structure of fish eggs and larvae in the Huanghe River Estuary and its adjacent waters

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表 1 黄河口及邻近海域鱼卵、仔稚鱼种类

Tab. 1 The species of fish eggs and larvae in the Huanghe River Estuary and its adjacent waters

种类	年份				适温类型	栖所类型	生态类型
种类	2014	2015	2017	2018	适温类型	栖所类型	生态类型
斑鰶 Konosirus punctatus	*	*★	*★	*	WT	CPN	近海
鳀 Engraulis japonicus	*	*★	*	*★	WT	CPN	近海
日本下鱵 Hyporhamphus sajori			★		WW	CPN	半咸水
鮻 Liza haematocheilus		★			WT	CPN	半咸水
尖海龙 Syngnathus acus	★				WT	CD	近海
鲬 Platycephalus indicus		*			WW	CRA	近海
多鳞鱚 Sillago sihama	*	*	*	*	WW	CRA	近海
小带鱼 Eupleurogrammus muticus	*			*	WW	CBD	近海
绯䲗 Callionymus beniteguri		*			WT	CD	近海
皮氏叫姑鱼 Johnius belangerii	*				WT	CBD	沿岸
黄姑鱼 Nibea albiflora		*			WT	CBD	沿岸
蓝点马鲛 Scomberomorus niphonius		*			WW	CPN	近海
高眼鲽 Cleisthenes herzensteini				*	CT	CD	沿岸
褐牙鲆 Paralichthys olivaceus		*			CT	CD	近海
短吻红舌鳎 Cynoglossus joyeri	*	*	*	*	WT	CD	沿岸
虾虎鱼科未定种 Gobiidae sp.	★			★			半咸水
未定种1 Unknown species1	★
未定种2 Unknown species2	*
注：*表示鱼卵；★表示仔稚鱼。

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表 2 黄河口及邻近海域鱼卵、仔稚鱼种类和数量的年间变化

Tab. 2 Annual variation of species and quantity of fish eggs and larvae in the Huanghe River Estuary and its adjacent waters

项目	类别	2014年	2015年	2017年	2018年
种类数	鱼卵	7	9	4	6
	仔稚鱼	3	3	2	2
	总种数	10	10	5	7
个体数量	鱼卵/粒	580	1 414	676	1 159
	仔稚鱼/尾	22	17	72	123
	总数量	602	1 431	748	1 282

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表 3 黄河口及邻近海域鱼卵、仔稚鱼优势种组成和相对重要性指数（IRI）

Tab. 3 Important species composition of fish eggs and larvae and the index of relative importance(IRI) in the Huanghe River Estuary and its adjacent waters

类别	种类	2014年 IRI	2015年 IRI	2017年 IRI	2018年 IRI
鱼卵	短吻红舌鳎 Cynoglossus joyeri	1 898.356	135.549	2 510.101	1 322.98
	斑鰶 Konosirus punctatus	498.256	27.503	242.424	61.834
	小带鱼 Eupleurogrammus muticus	279.023	−	−	2.876
	多鳞鱚 Sillago sihama	89.686	14.144	681.181	399.77
	鳀 Engraulis japonicus	1 654.21	3 284.614	285.35	987.921
	未定种2 Unknown species2	34.878	−	−	−
	皮氏叫姑鱼 Johnius belengerii	2.491	−	−	−
	褐牙鲆 Paralichthys olivaceus	−	33.789	−	−
	黄姑鱼 Nibea albiflora	−	14.144	−	−
	鲬 Platycephalus indicus	−	3.536	−	−
	绯䲗 Callionymus beniteguri	−	1.179	−	−
	高眼鲽 Cleisthenes herzensteini	−	−	−	2.397
	蓝点马鲛 Scomberomorus niphonius	−	6.286	−	−
仔稚鱼	虾虎鱼科未定种 Gobiidae sp.	2 380.952	−	−	13.55
	未定种1 Unknown species1	264.55	−	−	−
	尖海龙 Syngnathus acus	26.455	−	−	−
	斑鰶 Konosirus punctatus	−	326.797	4 382.716	−
	鮻 Liza haematocheilus	−	32.679	−	−
	鳀 Engraulis japonicus	−	359.477	−	542.005
	日本下鱵 Hyporhamphus sajori	−	−	7.716	−
注：−代表当年航次没有出现该物种。

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