印度洋深海沉积物样品纯培养细菌的分离鉴定

姜钊; 张卫花

doi:10.12284/hyxb2022070

印度洋深海沉积物样品纯培养细菌的分离鉴定

doi: 10.12284/hyxb2022070

姜钊^{1, 2,},
张卫花^{1, 2, ,}

1.
西藏民族大学藏药检测技术教育部工程研究中心，陕西咸阳 712082
2.
西藏民族大学西藏高原相关疾病分子遗传机制与干预研究省级重点实验室，陕西咸阳 712082

基金项目: 西藏自治区科技创新基地自主研究项目（XZ2021JR0003G）；西藏自治区自然科学基金（XZ202001ZR0018G）；西藏民族大学青年学人培育计划（19MDX01）。

详细信息

作者简介:
姜钊(1990-)，陕西省商洛市人，博士，研究方向为微生物资源及分类学。E-mail：xzmu_jiangz@163.com

通讯作者:
张卫花，讲师，研究方向为微生物资源及分子生物学。E-mail：xzmu_zwh@163.com

中图分类号: Q938.8
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-08-16
- 修回日期: 2021-11-25
- 刊出日期: 2022-04-14

Isolation and identification of cultivable bacteria isolated from deep-sea sediment samples of the Indian Ocean

Jiang Zhao^{1, 2
,},
Zhang Weihua^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
Engineering Research Center of Tibetan Medicine Detection Technology, Ministry of Education, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712082, China
2.
Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712082, China

摘要

摘要: 为探索印度洋深海沉积物中纯培养细菌的多样性，本文对采自印度洋12个沉积物样品进行细菌纯培养分离，共获得343株细菌。所有细菌采用16S rRNA 基因进行比对分析，鉴定为4个门：厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）、变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、放线菌门（Actinobacteria）和拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes），5个纲，13个目，26个科，39个属下的121个种。分离出的优势类群为链霉菌属（Streptomyces，分离率为16.53%）和芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus，分离率为8.26%），其中可能有12个潜在的新分类单元。研究结果表明，印度洋深海沉积环境中纯培养细菌资源丰富，潜在新物种较多；其次，分离培养方法与从海洋沉积物中获得的细菌物种多样性直接相关。
- 印度洋 /
- 沉积环境 /
- 细菌 /
- 分离鉴定
Abstract: In order to explore the diversity of pure cultured bacteria in the deep-sea sedimentary environment of the Indian Ocean, bacteria were isolated and identified from 12 sediment samples collected from the Indian Ocean. A total of 343 strains of bacteria were obtained by pure culture isolation method and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that these isolates belonged to Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidete and were divided into 5 classes, 13 orders, 26 families and 121 species under 39 genera. The dominant taxa were Streptomyces (separation rate is 16.53%) and Bacillus (separation rate is 8.26%), among which there were 12 potential new taxa. The results show that the deep-sea sedimentary environment of the Indian Ocean is rich in culturable bacteria and contains many new species; secondly, the isolation and culture methods are directly related to the bacterial species diversity obtained from marine sediments.
- Indian Ocean /
- sedimentary environment /
- bacteria /
- isolation and identification

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图 1 取样点地理分布

Fig. 1 The geographical distribution of sampling sites

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图 2 印度洋沉积物中放线菌16S rRNA基因序列邻近系统进化树

Fig. 2 Neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences of actinobacterial isolates collected from the Indian Ocean sediment

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图 3 印度洋沉积物中细菌16S rRNA基因序列邻近系统进化树

Fig. 3 Neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences of bacterial isolates collected from the Indian Ocean sediment

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图 4 所有沉积物样品中不同类群细菌菌株数目

Fig. 4 Strain numbers of different bacteria groups isolated from all sediment samples

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图 5 不同培养基中分离的细菌菌株类群及数目

Fig. 5 Strain numbers of different bacteria groups isolated from different culture media

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图 6 海洋环境分离到的可培养细菌类群比较

Fig. 6 Comparison of culturable bacteria isolated from marine habitats

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表 1 印度洋沉积物采样点信息

Tab. 1 Information of sampling sites from Indian Ocean sediment

站位名	纬度	经度	水深/m
HF02	6°1′11.226″S	97°46′3.168″E	5 725
HF04	2°57′26.370″S	95°19′2.982″E	4 810
HF05	1°25′32.280″S	94°20′11.039″E	4 617
HF06	0°27′52.800″S	93°48′52.740″E	4 527
HF08	1°32′1.500″N	81°2′59.219″E	4 481
HF10	1°33′15.180″N	82°1′41.580″E	4 426
HF13	10°0′2.700″N	84°32′55.140″E	3 571
HF14	10°0′9.480″N	86°29′54.120″E	3 515
HF16	10°0′13.380″N	88°43′40.919″E	3 386
HF17	9°15′42.560″N	89°7′41.820″E	3 437
HF18	8°45′38.880″N	89°15′58.740″E	3 471
HF19	7°56′37.380″N	89°26′33.600″E	3 614

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表 2 14种分离培养基

Tab. 2 14 kinds of culture media

编号	名称	配方
M1	放线菌分离培养基	酪蛋白胨1 g、天冬酰胺0.1 g、丙酸钠4 g、K₂HPO₄ 0.5 g、MgSO₄·7H₂O 0.1 g、 FeSO₄·7H₂O 1 mg、甘油1 mL、琼脂 15 g、双蒸水1 000 mL、pH 7.2～7.4
M2	DA培养基	酪蛋白胨0.3 g、酵母膏0.1 g、葡萄糖0.01 g、琼脂15 g、双蒸水1 000 mL、pH 7.2～7.4
M3	高氏一号培养基	淀粉20 g、KNO₃ 1 g、K₂HPO₄ 0.5 g、MgSO₄·7H₂O 0.5 g、NaCl 0.5 g、FeSO₄ 10 mg、琼脂15 g、双蒸水1 000 mL、pH 7.2～7.4
M4	淀粉−酪素培养基	淀粉10 g、酪蛋白0.3 g、KNO₃ 2 g、MgSO₄·7H₂O 0.05 g、K₂HPO₄ 2 g、CaCO₃ 0.02 g、FeSO₄ 10 mg、琼脂 15 g、双蒸水1 000 mL、pH 7.2～7.4
M5	甘油−甘氨酸培养基	甘油20 g、甘氨酸2.5 g、K₂HPO₄ 1 g、FeSO₄ 10 mg、MgSO₄·7H₂O 0.1 g、CaCO₃ 0.1 g、琼脂15 g、双蒸水1 000 mL、pH 7.4
M6	腐殖酸培养基	腐殖酸1.0 g、Na₂HPO₄ 0.5 g、KCl 1.7 g、MgSO₄·7H₂O 0.05 g、FeSO₄·7H₂O 0.01 g、CaCl₂ 1 g、复合维生素 1 mL （维生素B1、维生素B2、烟酸、维生素B6、泛酸钙、肌糖、对氨基苯甲酸、维生素H 各0.5 mg、双蒸水1 000 mL）、琼脂15 g、双蒸水1 000 mL、pH 7.2
M7	甘油−精氨酸培养基	甘油5 g、精氨酸1 g、葡萄糖1 g、K₂HPO₄ 0.3 g、MgSO₄·7H₂O 0.2 g、NaCl 0.3 g、复合维生素 1 mL （维生素B1、维生素B2、烟酸、维生素B6、泛酸钙、肌糖、对氨基苯甲酸、维生素H 各0.5 mg、双蒸水1 000 mL）、琼脂15 g、双蒸水1 000 mL、 pH 7.2
M8	海藻糖−脯氨酸培养基	海藻糖5 g、脯氨酸1 g、（NH₄）₂SO₄ 1 g、CaCl₂ 2 g、K₂HPO₄ 1 g、复合维生素1 mL （维生素B1、维生素B2、烟酸、维生素B6、泛酸钙、肌糖、对氨基苯甲酸、维生素H 各0.5 mg、双蒸水1 000 mL）、琼脂1g、双蒸水1 000 mL、pH 7.4
M9	牛肉膏−蛋白胨培养基	蛋白胨10 g、牛肉膏3 g、丙酮酸钠3 g、KCl 2 g、琼脂15 g、双蒸水1 000 mL、pH 7.0
M10	棉子糖−组氨酸培养基	棉子糖10 g、组氨酸1 g、MgSO₄·7H₂O 0.5 g、FeSO₄·7H₂O 0.01 g、琼脂15 g、双蒸水1 000 mL、pH 7.2
M11	改良海洋琼脂培养基	蛋白胨1 g、牛肉膏2 g、柠檬酸铁0.1 g、Na₂CO₃ 0.16 g、柠檬酸钠4 mg、（NH₄）NO₃ 1.6 mg、琼脂15 g、双蒸水1 000 mL、 pH 7.2
M12	ISP2 培养基	牛肉膏0.4 g、葡萄糖0.4 g、麦芽膏0.4 g、复合维生素1 mL （维生素B1、维生素B2、烟酸、维生素B6、泛酸钙、肌糖、对氨基苯甲酸、维生素H 各0.5 mg、双蒸水1 000 mL）、琼脂15 g、双蒸水1 000 mL、pH 8.0
M13	R2A培养基	牛肉膏0.5 g、眎蛋白胨0.5 g、酪氨酸0.5 g、葡萄糖0.5 g、可溶性淀粉0.5 g、丙酮酸钠0.3 g、K₂HPO₄ 0.3 g、MgSO₄·7H₂O 0.05 g、琼脂15 g、双蒸水1 000 mL、pH 7.2
M14	海盐琼脂培养基	自来水1 000 mL、琼脂15 g、pH 7.2

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表 3 分离菌株整体分布表

Tab. 3 Overall distribution of isolated strains

门	纲	目	科	属	种	占总种数百分比/%
放线菌门	1	6	13	20	71	58.7
厚壁菌门	1	1	3	4	21	17.4
拟杆菌门	1	1	1	1	3	2.4
变形菌门	2	5	9	14	26	21.5
总计	5	13	26	39	121	100

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表 4 种分布百分比

Tab. 4 Percentages of species distribution

属名	种数	百分比/%	属名	种数	百分比/%
Streptomyces	20	16.53	Gemmobacter	2	1.65
Bacillus	10	8.26	Corynebacterium	1	0.83
Kocuria	6	4.96	Williamsia	1	0.83
Staphylococcus	6	4.96	Brevibacterium	1	0.83
Dietzia	5	4.13	Brachybacterium	1	0.83
Rhodococcus	5	4.13	Kytococcus	1	0.83
Microbacterium	5	4.13	Rathayibacter	1	0.83
Arthrobacter	5	4.13	Citricoccus	1	0.83
Nocardioides	5	4.13	Zhihengliuella	1	0.83
Nocardiopsis	5	4.13	Blastococcus	1	0.83
Planococcus	4	3.31	Macrococcus	1	0.83
Paracoccus	4	3.31	Croceicoccus	1	0.83
Pseudomonas	4	3.31	Porphyrobacter	1	0.83
Dyadobacter	3	2.48	Sphingopyxis	1	0.83
Erythrobacter	3	2.48	Martelella	1	0.83
Mesorhizobium	3	2.48	Nitratireductor	1	0.83
Janibacter	2	1.65	Phyllobacterium	1	0.83
Gulosibacter	2	1.65	Psychrobacter	1	0.83
Micrococcus	2	1.65	Alcanivorax	1	0.83
Rhizobium	2	1.65

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表 5 潜在新物种的16S rRNA基因序列比对结果

Tab. 5 Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences of potential new species

菌号	相似菌株	相似性/%
YIM M12043	Planococcus donghaensis DSM 22276^T	97.27
YIM M12055	Pseudomonas kunmingensis HL22-2^T	95.58
YIM M12064	Mesorhizobium thiogangeticum SJT^T	97.37
YIM M12082	Dyadobacter tibetensis CGMCC 1.12215^T	97.99
YIM M12084	Mesorhizobium metallidurans STM 2683^T	97.05
YIM M12100	Mesorhizobium thiogangeticum DSM 17097^T	97.28
YIM M12113	Arthrobacter oxydans ATCC 14358^T	97.87
YIM M12116	Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum ATCC 43590^T	97.28
YIM M12122	Gemmobacter changlensis CCUG 53722^T	94.88
YIM M12139	Alcanivorax dieselolei CGMCC 1.3690^T	92.66
YIM M12140	Macrococcus brunensis CCM 4811^T	91.40
YIM M12148	Gulosibacter faecalis ATCC 13722^T	97.05

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