凡纳滨对虾多代选育群体生长和耐综合胁迫性状的配合力及杂种优势分析

王伦; 王崇懿; 刘建勇; 傅学丽

doi:10.12284/hyxb2022064

凡纳滨对虾多代选育群体生长和耐综合胁迫性状的配合力及杂种优势分析

doi: 10.12284/hyxb2022064

广东海洋大学水产学院，广东湛江 524088

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划重点专项2020年度项目(SQ2020YFD090053-05)；中央财政2019年渔业成品油价格补助湛江市级统筹部分资金；2019年度广东省科技专项资金竞争性分配项目(2019A04008)；广东省科技创新战略专项资金竞争性分配项目(2018A04007)；湛江市科技发展专项资金竞争性分配项目(2018A01013)。

详细信息

作者简介:
王伦(1994-)，男，贵州省兴义市人，从事水产动物数量遗传育种研究。E-mail: 2540166511@qq.com

通讯作者:
傅学丽(1976-)，女，助理研究员，从事渔业经济与管理研究。E-mail: fuxl@gdou.edu.cn

中图分类号: S917.4
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-09-20
- 修回日期: 2021-11-21
- 刊出日期: 2022-04-14

Analysis of combining ability and heterosis of growth and comprehensive stress tolerance traits of Litopenaeus vannamei multi-generation breeding population

College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China

摘要

摘要: 为筛选凡纳滨对虾（Litopenaeus vannamei）最佳的交配组合方式，以5个不同遗传背景的凡纳滨对虾群体为亲本，经交配构建12个组合F₁代。利用ASReml4软件估计凡纳滨对虾12个组合105日龄的生长和耐综合胁迫（高盐（35）、低pH（6±0.1）与高氨氮（70 mg/L）共同胁迫）性状的一般配合力（GCA）及特殊配合力（SCA）。结果显示：亲本的SCA对子代性状的表现起主导作用，组合K♀×K♂（0.35±0.25）、GX♀×W♂（0.31±0.22）和GX♀×M♂（0.29±0.29）体质量的SCA排名靠前；组合GX♀×GX♂（3.65±1.79）、L♀×L♂（2.19±2.33）和W♀×GX♂（1.30±2.03）耐综合胁迫的SCA排名靠前。杂种优势分析表明，杂交组合的生长（体质量、体长、头胸甲长与腹节全长）和耐综合胁迫性状均表现出一定的杂种优势，6个杂交组合GX♀×W♂、GX♀×K♂、GX♀×M♂、W♀×GX♂、K♀×GX♂与K♀×M♂生长及耐综合胁迫性状的杂种优势率除组合GX♀×K♂为负外（−5.95%～1.00%和−8.03%），其余均为正（0.10%～80.79%和6.87%～42.86%），其中，组合GX♀×W♂体质量的杂种优势最高（25.52%）；组合W♀×GX♂耐综合胁迫的杂种优势较高（41.72%）。研究表明，杂交组合GX♀×W♂体质量的SCA和杂种优势均最高；杂交组合W♀×GX♂耐综合胁迫的SCA最高且杂种优势较高，可考虑分别加强该两组合在生长和耐综合胁迫性状方面的配套杂交应用。
- 凡纳滨对虾 /
- 生长性状 /
- 耐综合胁迫 /
- 配合力 /
- 杂种优势
Abstract: This research aimed to screen the best mating combinations of Litopenaeus vannamei. Five populations of L. vannamei with different genetic backgrounds were used as parents, and 12 combinations of the F₁ generation were constructed by mating. The ASReml4 software was used to estimate the general fitness (GCA) and specific fitness (SCA) for growth and tolerance to combined stress (high salt (35), low pH (6±0.1), and high ammonia nitrogen (70 mg/L) co-stress) traits of the 12 combinations of P105 in L. vannamei. The results showed that the SCA of the parents played a dominant role in the performance of offspring traits, with combinations K♀×K♂(0.35±0.25), GX♀×W♂(0.31±0.22) and GX♀×M♂(0.29±0.29) ranking high in SCA for body mass; combinations GX♀×GX♂(3.65±1.79), L♀×L♂(2.19±2.33) and W♀×GX♂(1.30±2.03) ranking high in SCA for tolerance to combined stress. The analysis of heterozygous dominance H showed that the crosses showed some heterozygous dominance for growth (body mass, body length, cephalothorax length, and full length of ventral segments) and stress tolerance traits, and the H for growth and stress tolerance traits of the six crosses GX♀×W♂, GX♀×K♂, GX♀×M♂, W♀×GX♂, K♀×GX♂ and K♀×M♂ were negative except for the combination GX♀×K♂ (0.10%−80.79% and 6.87%−42.86%), with the highest H for the combination GX♀×W♂ body mass (25.52%) and the higher H for the combination W♀×GX♂ tolerance to combined stress (41.72%). The study showed that the hybrid combination GX♀×W♂ had the highest SCA and H for body mass; the hybrid combination W♀×GX♂ had the highest SCA and higher H for tolerance to combined stress, which can be considered to enhance the application of the two combinations in matching crosses for growth and combined stress tolerance traits respectively.
- Litopenaeus vannamei /
- growth traits /
- comprehensive stress tolerance /
- combining ability /
- heterosis

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图 1 凡纳滨对虾杂交组合生长和耐综合胁迫性状的杂种优势

Fig. 1 Heterosis of growth and comprehensive stress tolerance in hybrid combinations of Litopenaeus vannamei

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表 1 凡纳滨对虾5个不同遗传背景群体的不完全双列杂交

Tab. 1 Incomplete diallel crossing of five populations of Litopenaeus vannamei with different genetic backgrounds

亲本	GX♂	W♂	L♂	K♂	M♂
GX♀	10	3	−	4	1
W♀	5	2	−	−	1
L♀	−	−	2	−	−
K♀	5	−	−	2	1
M♀	−	−	−	−	2
合计	20	5	2	6	5
注：表中数字表示成功构建的家系数，−代表家系构建未成功。

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表 2 凡纳滨对虾生长和耐综合胁迫性状的GCA效应值

Tab. 2 GCA effect value of growth and comprehensive stress tolerance traits of Litopenaeus vannamei

亲本群体		一般配合力
亲本群体		体质量	体长	头胸甲长	腹节全长	耐综合胁迫
母本	GX	5.31×10⁻⁷±0.000 5	2.81×10⁻⁶±0.002 6	−2.71×10⁻⁶±0.000 8	−0.49±0.401 0	1.46±1.614 2
	W	−1.23×10⁻⁶±0.000 5	−5.70×10⁻⁶±0.002 6	7.79×10⁻⁷±0.000 8	0.29±0.422 1	−0.86±1.681 1
	L	2.40×10⁻⁷±0.000 5	1.15×10⁻⁶±0.002 6	4.80×10⁻⁷±0.000 8	0.01±0.478 6	1.11±1.856 6
	K	4.67×10⁻⁷±0.000 5	2.08×10⁻⁶±0.002 6	1.24×10⁻⁶±0.000 8	0.08±0.421 9	−0.93±1.687 87
	M	−1.08×10⁻⁸±0.000 5	−3.37×10⁻⁷±0.002 6	2.15×10⁻⁷±0.000 8	0.11±0.475 0	−0.79±1.861 7
父本	GX	1.19×10⁻⁷±0.000 5	1.19×10⁻⁶±0.003 3	−1.05×10⁻⁶±0.000 8	−0.04±0.424 8	7.63×10⁻⁶±0.005 4
	W	−8.90×10⁻⁷±0.000 5	−9.34×10⁻⁶±0.003 3	2.03×10⁻⁶±0.000 8	0.29±0.473 5	−1.80×10⁻⁶±0.005 4
	L	2.40×10⁻⁷±0.000 5	1.91×10⁻⁶±0.003 3	4.80×10⁻⁷±0.000 8	0.01±0.521 9	7.74×10⁻⁶±0.005 4
	K	3.62×10⁻⁷±0.000 5	1.02×10⁻⁶±0.003 3	−1.92×10⁻⁶±0.000 8	−0.57±0.469 1	−5.02×10⁻⁶±0.005 4
	M	1.69×10⁻⁷±0.000 5	5.22×10⁻⁶±0.003 3	4.63×10⁻⁷±0.000 8	0.31±0.470 8	−8.55×10⁻⁶±0.005 4

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表 3 凡纳滨对虾生长和耐综合胁迫性状的SCA效应值

Tab. 3 SCA effect value of growth and comprehensive stress tolerance traits of Litopenaeus vannamei

交配组合	特殊配合力
交配组合	体质量	体长	头胸甲长	腹节全长	耐综合胁迫
GX♀×GX♂	−0.13±0.17^a	−0.56±0.96^a	−0.53±0.24^a	−0.19±0.37^a	3.65±1.79^a
GX♀×W♂	0.31±0.22^a	1.22±1.22^a	0.23±0.30^a	0.07±0.39^a	1.16±2.09^a
GX♀×K♂	−0.11±0.21^a	−0.38±1.14^a	−0.61±0.29^b	−0.39±0.39^b	−1.44±2.02^a
GX♀×M♂	0.29±0.29^a	2.02±1.60^a	0.21±0.36^a	0.17±0.4^a	−0.49±2.43^a
W♀×GX♂	0.07±0.20^a	0.26±1.09^a	−0.05±0.27^a	0.09±0.38^a	1.30±2.03^a
W♀×W♂	−0.92±0.25^b	−5.82±1.35^b	0.30±0.33^a	0.09±0.40^a	−1.67±2.28^a
W♀×M♂	0	0.91±1.60^a	−0.05±0.36^a	0.02±0.4^a	−1.32±2.44^a
L♀×L♂	0.16±0.25^a	0.94±1.35^a	0.13±0.33^a	0.01±0.40^a	2.19±2.33^a
K♀×GX♂	0.13±0.20^a	0.89±1.09^a	0.31±0.27^a	0.07±0.38^a	−2.79±2.02^b
K♀×K♂	0.35±0.25^a	0.89±1.35^a	0.11±0.33^a	0.08±0.40^a	0.02±2.25^a
K♀×M♂	−0.17±0.29^a	−0.09±1.60^a	−0.10±0.36^a	−0.09±0.4^a	0.95±2.44^a
M♀×M♂	−0.01±0.25^a	−0.28±1.35^a	0.06±0.33^a	0.08±0.40^a	−1.55±2.35^a
注：表中不同字母为差异显著（p<0.05），相同字母为差异不显著（p>0.05）。

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表 4 凡纳滨对虾生长和耐综合胁迫性状配合力的方差组分

Tab. 4 The variance components of combining ability for growth and comprehensive stress tolerance of Litopenaeus vannamei

	方差组分	各性状的方差数值
	方差组分	体质量	体长	头胸甲长	腹节全长	耐综合胁迫
母本	一般配合力方差（${\sigma }_{{\rm{GCA}}}^{2}$）	0.236×10⁻⁶	6.58×10⁻⁶	0.701×10⁻⁶	0.27	4.15
母本	一般配合力方差占表型方差比例（${\sigma }_{{\rm{GCA}}}^{2}$/${\sigma }_{{\rm{P}}}^{2}$ ）	5.00×10⁻⁶%	4.98×10⁻⁶%	4.98×10⁻⁶%	0.43%	0.73%
父本	一般配合力方差（${\sigma }_{{\rm{GCA}}}^{2}$）	2.36×10⁻⁷	10.91×10⁻⁶	7.01×10⁻⁷	0.34	29.00×10⁻⁶
父本	一般配合力方差占表型方差比例（${\sigma }_{{\rm{GCA}}}^{2}$/${\sigma }_{{\rm{P}}}^{2}$）	5.00×10⁻⁶%	8.25×10⁻⁶%	5.06×10⁻⁶%	0.54%	5.08×10⁻⁶%
	特殊配合力方差（${\sigma }_{{\rm{CSA}}}^{2}$）	0.16	5.37	0.18	0.16	8.16
	特殊配合力方差占表型方差比例（${\sigma }_{{\rm{CSA}}}^{2}$/${\sigma }_{{\rm{P}}}^{2}$）	3.39%	4.06%	1.30%	0.25%	1.43%
	表型方差（${\sigma }_{{\rm{P}}}^{2}$）	4.72	132.22	13.86	63.01	570.50

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