珠江三角洲全新世沉积物磁性特征及早期成岩作用分析

吉俊熹; 时硕; 陈莹璐; 王孟瑶; 王张华

doi:10.12284/hyxb2022061

珠江三角洲全新世沉积物磁性特征及早期成岩作用分析

doi: 10.12284/hyxb2022061

吉俊熹^{1, 2,},
时硕^{1, 2},
陈莹璐^{1, 2},
王孟瑶^{1, 2},
王张华^{1, 2, ,}

1.
华东师范大学河口海岸学国家重点实验室，上海 200241
2.
南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室（珠海），广东珠海 519082

基金项目: 南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室（珠海）创新团队项目（311021004）。

详细信息

作者简介:
吉俊熹（1997-）, 男，海南省乐东县人，主要研究方向为河口海岸带沉积环境演变。E-mail: 1604991523@qq.com

通讯作者:
王张华（1973-），教授，女，浙江省诸暨市人，主要研究方向为河口海岸沉积环境演变。E-mail: zhwang@geo.ecnu.edu.cn

中图分类号: P736.21
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-06-29
- 修回日期: 2021-09-10
- 网络出版日期: 2022-07-13
- 刊出日期: 2022-07-13

Magnetic characteristics and early diagenesis of Holocene sediments in the Zhujiang River Delta

Ji Junxi^{1, 2
,},
Shi Shuo^{1, 2},
Chen Yinglu^{1, 2},
Wang Mengyao^{1, 2},
Wang Zhanghua^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
2.
Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai) , Zhuhai 519082, China

摘要

摘要: 磁性矿物的早期成岩作用是沉积物埋藏后的重要过程，辨别早期成岩作用，才能更好地解释地层的矿物磁性变化。本研究对珠江三角洲顺德平原全新世钻孔MZ孔进行沉积相和室温磁性分析，并辅以热磁分析鉴定磁性矿物，以探讨钻孔不同深度和沉积相的早期成岩作用阶段。结果表明，MZ孔全新世地层自下而上包括感潮河道、河口湾和三角洲相。室温磁性特征与沉积相缺乏明显关联，表现出强烈的早期成岩作用。此外，全新世晚期岩芯磁性特征还受人类活动影响。该孔早期成岩作用以磁性矿物溶解和形成自生黄铁矿为主。在三角洲前缘相的上部和河口湾相底部保存了硫复铁矿。根据矿物组合推测以4.51～4.56 m和30.4～30.5 m两个深度为代表的硫复铁矿形成机制不同，即三角洲前缘相中硫复铁矿可能形成于早期成岩作用的硫酸盐还原阶段，而河口湾相的硫复铁矿形成于甲烷厌氧氧化阶段，后者的含量随着深度增加逐渐增多。上述现象说明，沉积环境可以通过影响有机质和硫酸根离子的供应量，决定磁性矿物所达到的早期成岩作用阶段。
- 磁性矿物溶解 /
- 自生黄铁矿 /
- 硫复铁矿 /
- 硫酸盐还原 /
- 甲烷厌氧氧化 /
- 沉积环境
Abstract: Magnetic mineral diagenesis is an important early diagenetic process after the burial of sediments and its proper identification is the precondition of interpretations for the mineral magnetic properties in the sediments. This study carried out analyses of sedimentary facies, room temperature magnetic and thermomagnetic properties in a Holocene Core MZ collected in the Shunde Plain of the Zhujiang River Delta to identify the vertical changes in the assemblage of magnetic minerals, so as to explore the early diagenetic stages and possible linkage to the sedimentary facies. The results show that the Holocene sedimentary sequence of Core MZ includes tidal channel, embayment, and deltaic successions from bottom upward. The magnetic properties at room temperature lack correlation with sedimentary facies and demonstrate features of strong early diagenesis. In addition, the magnetic properties of the late Holocene sediments were strongly influenced by the human activities. The early diagenesis mainly includes the dissolution of magnetic minerals and the formation of authigenic pyrite. Greigite was also identified in the upper section of the delta-front succession and the bottom of embayment succession. The concentration of greigite increases with depth in the embayment succession. According to the magnetic mineral assemblages, we infer different formation mechanism of greigite in the two successions. We suggest that the greigite in the delta-front facies was formed in the sulfate reduction stage of early diagenesis, whilst it was formed in the anaerobic oxidation stage of methane in the embayment facies. These phenomena indicate that sedimentary environment has impacts on the early diagenetic stage of magnetic minerals by controlling the availability of organic matter and sulfate.
- magnetic mineral dissolution /
- authigenic pyrite /
- greigite /
- sulfate reduction /
- anaerobic oxidation of methane /
- sedimentary environment

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图 1 稳态早期成岩作用分带及磁性矿物浓度变化的概念模型图（修改自文献[26-27]）

红色为磁铁矿，灰色为硫复铁矿。SD、PSD、MD、SP分别为单畴态、假单畴态、多畴态以及超顺磁态颗粒；SMTZ为硫酸盐-甲烷转换带

Fig. 1 Steady mtate redox zones of early diagenesis and associated changes in the concentrations of magnetic minerals (refer to references [26-27])

Magnetite is red, greigite is gray. SD, PSD, MD and SP are single-domain, pseudosingle-domain, multi-domain and superparamagnetic particles. SMTZ is sulfate-methane transition zone

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图 2 珠江三角洲平原及MZ孔位置

Fig. 2 Zhujiang River Delta plain and location of Core MZ

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图 3 MZ孔主要沉积相的典型岩性照片

a.河床；b–g. 感潮河道；h–m. 河口湾；n. 前三角洲；o. 三角洲前缘斜坡；p–r. 三角洲前缘。深度单位：m

Fig. 3 Typical lithologic photos of main sedimentary facies in Core MZ

a. River bed; b–g. tidal river; h–m. embayment; n. prodelta; o. delta front slope; p–r. delta front. Depth unit: m

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图 4 MZ孔岩性、沉积构造、粒度组成、¹⁴C测年、沉积速率及沉积相判断

Fig. 4 Lithology, sedimentary structure, grain-size composition, deposition rate, AMS¹⁴C ages and interpretation of sedimentary facies in Core MZ

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图 5 MZ孔粒径、室温磁性参数垂向分布及单元划分

灰色条带表示进行热磁分析的样品

Fig. 5 Vertical distributions of mean grain-size and magnetic parameters at room temperature and unit division of Core MZ

The gray strip represents the sample for thermomagnetic analysis

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图 6 MZ孔典型样品热磁曲线图

按深度排列，Ⅰ−Ⅵ表示矿物组合类型

Fig. 6 Representative thermomagnetic curves in Core MZ

Arranged by depth, Ⅰ−Ⅵ representing the mineral assemblages

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图 7 各磁性单元的含泥量与质量磁化率散点图

A单元：三角洲前缘；B三角洲前缘−斜坡；C斜坡−前三角洲；D单元：前三角洲；E、F单元：河口湾；G单元：感潮河道−河床

Fig. 7 Biplots of sediment content vs magnetic susceptibility of each magnetic unit

A: Delta front; B: delta front-slope; C: slope-prodelta; D: prodelta; E and F: embayment; G: tidal river-river bed

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图 8 MZ孔早期成岩作用阶段垂向分布示意图

Fig. 8 Schematic diagram of the vertical distribution of early diagenetic zones in Core MZ

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表 1 珠江三角洲顺德平原MZ孔测年结果及校正（校正年龄取概率大于0.8的区间）

Tab. 1 AMS¹⁴C ages and calibrations for Core MZ in the Shunde Plain of Zhujiang River Delta (the calibrated ages are selected with a probability of more than 0.8)

深度/m	标高/m	测年材料	常规年龄/a BP	校正年龄/cal. a BP			实验室编号
深度/m	标高/m	测年材料	常规年龄/a BP	2σ	中值	概率	实验室编号
6.52	−6.1	植物	380±30	318～503	445	1.000	Beta-548917
7.78	−7.36	植物	1 100±30	955～1 063	1 000	0.961	Beta-548918
10.39	−9.97	木头	2 880±30	2 921～3 078	3 010	0.899	Beta-548919
11.80	−11.38	贝壳	2 590±30	1 993～2 388	2 205	1.000	Beta-548920
17.43	−17.01	贝壳	2 690±30	2 117～2 565	2 335	1.000	Beta-548921
18.44	−18.02	贝壳	3 010±30	2 516～2 918	2 730	1.000	Beta-548923
21.74	−21.32	贝壳	5 420±30	5 524～5 891	5 695	1.000	Beta-548924
21.88	−21.46	植物	7 820±30	8 534～8 649	8 595	0.968	Beta-548925
22.14	−21.72	植物	4 950±30	5 598～5 732	5 660	1.000	Beta-548926
30.06	−29.64	植物	8 780±30	9 658～9 908	9 785	0.963	Beta-548927
31.30	−30.88	木头	8 850±30	9 766～10 154	9 970	1.000	Beta-548928
42.73	−42.31	贝壳	10 980±30	12 813～12 998	12 880	0.915	Beta-548929
44.20	−43.78	贝壳	11 180±30	13 081～13 162	13 110	1.000	Beta-548930

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表 2 MZ孔磁性单元的磁参数特征值

Tab. 2 Characteristic values of magnetic parameters in each unit of Core MZ

磁性参数		磁性单元及沉积相类型
磁性参数		A单元（三角洲前缘）	B单元（三角洲前缘−斜坡）	C单元（斜坡−前三角洲）	D单元 (前三角洲)	E单元 (河口湾)	F单元（河口湾）	G单元（感潮河道−河床）
χ/ （10⁻⁸ m³·kg⁻¹）	范围	119.7～395.4	11.5～71.2	7.1～26.4	17.5～28.0	13.0～30.4	16.1～93.2	3.9～73.5
	平均值	202.1	52.2	13.8	21.9	20.8	34.1	22.2
	标准差	73.3	15.4	7.6	2.3	3.9	18.0	11.0
SIRM/ （10⁻⁶ Am²·kg⁻¹）	范围	10 461.3～30 448.1	905.2～28 471.9	341.0～3 542.4	1 636.0～4 355.8	1 711.9～4 217.1	1 955.8～18 601.5	1 007.5～27 547.1
	平均值	17 272.3	6 909.8	1 466.5	2 607.6	2 792.0	7 210.8	2 959.0
	标准差	5 966.5	5 625.4	1 295.6	690.5	623.9	5 291.8	3 697.6
χ_fd /%	范围	5～9.71	0～7.0	0～1.9	0～1.6	0～9.72	0～3.7	0～2.7
	平均值	6.8	4.2	0.3	0.2	0.9	0.7	0.5
	标准差	1.2	2.1	0.7	0.4	2.0	0.9	0.7
χ_arm/ （10⁻⁸ m³·kg⁻¹）	范围	467.3～1 842.4	11.9～1 756.8	1.5～20.9	33.0～404.0	200.6～521.2	60.3～338.2	22.8～266.8
	平均值	940.6	356.9	5.8	145.6	346.1	198.6	83.5
	标准差	320.6	403.5	6.8	101.2	83.5	86.7	49.7
χ_arm/χ	范围	3.3～7.2	0.2～67.1	0.1～3.0	1.6～18.5	11.2～21.9	1.1～13.4	1.7～14.0
	平均值	4.8	8.4	0.7	6.6	16.7	6.8	4.0
	标准差	1.0	15.0	1.0	4.5	2.7	3.2	2.3
（χ_arm/SIRM）/ （10⁻⁵ mA⁻¹）	范围	33.1～88.4	2.1～594.3	0.9～61.4	16.1～134.8	85.9～162.6	10.8～70.5	9.7～91.9
	平均值	56.5	74.9	12.5	52.5	124.6	35.3	32.2
	标准差	14.7	133.4	21.9	27.5	15.9	17.3	12.6
SIRM/χ	范围	7.7～10.0	7.8～50.7	4.8～13.6	9.1～19.2	8.4～14.7	5.0～60.9	6.6～37.5
	平均值	8.6	13.0	8.7	11.9	13.4	24.4	12.7
	标准差	0.8	9.5	3.6	2.7	1.1	16.2	5.8
HIRM/ （10⁻⁶ Am²·kg⁻¹）	范围	66.1～1 241.4	121.0～698.4	25.9～256.2	129.5～231.5	73.6～236.0	6.5～721.2	9.3～372.1
	平均值	595.6	318.5	129.6	196.2	165.3	195.8	131.7
	标准差	319.5	126.2	84.9	21.0	40.4	155.5	69.8
S₋₂₀/%	范围	53.3～75.7	50.8～80.1	61.1～73.8	56.5～81.5	81.1～568.7	59.8～98.8	53.6～97.8
	平均值	58.7	57.1	69.3	62.3	63.0	73.8	66.4
	标准差	7.5	7.8	4.2	6.4	4.2	11.0	8.7
S₋₄₀/%	范围	75.1～86.9	50.5～76.7	53.0～68.4	52.6～73.9	59.8～82.8	51.9～98.8	53.5～98.5
	平均值	79.2	70.1	58.1	63.8	64.6	63.6	62.0
	标准差	3.4	5.1	6.0	4.1	4.6	10.4	7.5
S₋₁₀₀/%	范围	90.0～95.3	64.3～91.3	69.0～88.4	80.5～88.6	86.2～95.8	81.1～99.6	75.3～100.0
	平均值	92.2	87.7	77.9	84.4	87.8	88.3	86.3
	标准差	1.4	6.0	7.6	2.1	1.5	3.5	3.5
S₋₃₀₀/%	范围	95.4～99.6	81.7～97.6	83.3～94.1	89.2～95.4	92.5～97.7	91.2～99.9	88.7～99.7
	平均值	96.6	94.2	89.2	92.1	94.0	96.1	94.5
	标准差	1.2	3.3	3.8	1.6	0.9	2.5	2.1
注：磁参数特征值包括最大值、最小值、平均值和标准差。

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