黄河口悬浮泥沙时空动态及其驱动机制

褚言皓; 吴文娟; 李鹏; 陈沈良

doi:10.12284/hyxb2022059

黄河口悬浮泥沙时空动态及其驱动机制

doi: 10.12284/hyxb2022059

1.
华东师范大学河口海岸学国家重点实验室，上海 200241
2.
黄河河口海岸科学研究所，山东东营 257091

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（U1706214）；河口海岸学国家重点实验室开放课题（SKLEC-KF202001）

详细信息

作者简介:
褚言皓（1997-），男，山东省青岛市人，主要从事河口海岸遥感及应用研究。E-mail: cyh1997620@163.com

通讯作者:
陈沈良（1964-），男，浙江省海盐县人，教授，主要从事河口海岸学及其应用研究。E-mail: slchen@sklec.ecnu.edu.cn

中图分类号: TV142；TV148⁺.5
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-06-27
- 修回日期: 2021-08-30
- 网络出版日期: 2022-07-13
- 刊出日期: 2022-07-13

Temporal and spatial dynamics of suspended sediment and its driving mechanism in the Yellow River Estuary

1.
State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
2.
Institute of the Yellow River Estuary and Coast Science, Dongying 257091, China

摘要

摘要: 受径流输沙、风浪、潮汐等影响，河口近岸海域悬浮泥沙具有显著的时空变化。本文基于小时分辨率的GOCI遥感影像，利用最优遥感反演算法，结合空间分析和统计方法，深入研究黄河口及邻近海域悬沙时空动态特征及驱动机制。结果表明，径流输沙对悬沙浓度的影响以河口近岸区为主，高径流输沙对悬沙浓度分布影响可达距岸约20 km，并向孤东近岸方向扩散。大风可引起清水沟老河口区泥沙强烈再悬浮，形成高浓度悬沙区。涨落潮对小时尺度的悬沙浓度影响显著，并影响悬沙的南北扩散。大潮悬沙浓度变化和扩散范围均大于小潮，潮流流速不同是造成该差异的主要原因。水深与悬沙浓度之间存在较明显的负相关关系，根据不同驱动因素的差异，悬沙浓度随着水深的增加呈现出指数型、幂函数型、线性3种关系。
- GOCI /
- 悬浮泥沙 /
- 时空动态 /
- 驱动因素
Abstract: Affected by fluvial sediment discharge, wind waves and tides, etc., suspended sediment in estuaries and adjacent waters has significant temporal and spatial changes. Based on the GOCI remote sensing images at hourly resolution, this paper uses the optimal remote sensing inversion algorithm, combined with spatial analysis and statistical methods to deeply study the temporal and spatial dynamic characteristics and driving mechanism of suspended sediment in the Yellow River Estuary and adjacent waters. The results show that the impact of fluvial sediment discharge on the concentration of suspended sediment is concentrated in the nearshore area of the estuary. The impact of high fluvial sediment discharge on the distribution of suspended sediment concentration can reach about 20 km offshore and spread to the Gudong nearshore area. Strong winds can cause intensive resuspension of sediment near the old river mouth of Qingshuigou, forming a high-concentration suspended sediment area. The flood and ebb tides have a significant impact on the hourly-scale suspended sediment concentration, and affect the dispersal of suspended sediment from north to south. The variation and dispersal range of the suspended sediment concentration in the spring tide are larger than that of the neap tide due to different tidal flow velocities. There is an obvious negative correlation between water depth and suspended sediment concentration. According to the difference of driving factors, the suspended sediment concentration present exponential, power function, and linear relationships with the increase of water depth.
- GOCI /
- suspended sediment /
- temporal and spatial dynamics /
- driving factors

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图 1 研究区及悬沙实测点位

Fig. 1 Study area and sampling sites of suspended sediment concentration

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图 2 悬沙浓度反演与实测值散点图

a. YOC算法；b. Case2算法；c. 余佳算法；d. Li算法

Fig. 2 Scatterplot of GOCI-derived versus measured suspended sediment concentration

a. YOC algorithms; b. Case2 algorithms; c. Yu algorithms; d. Li algorithms

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图 3 低（a）、高（b）径流输沙量条件下河口悬沙浓度分布对比

Fig. 3 Suspended sediment concentration distribution in the estuary under low (a) and high (b) fluvial sediment discharges

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图 4 微风（a）和大风（b）情况下研究区悬沙浓度分布

Fig. 4 Suspended sediment concentration distribution in the study area on light (a) and gale (b) breeze days

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图 5 涨落潮各时段悬沙浓度分布

Fig. 5 Suspended sediment concentration variations during a tidal cycle

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图 6 涨落潮各时段高浓度悬沙（不小于150 mg/L）边界与摆动角度

Fig. 6 Boundary and swing angle of high-concentration suspended sediment (no less than 150 mg/L) during each period of flood and ebb tides

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图 7 小潮（a）与大潮（b）期间的悬沙浓度分布

Fig. 7 Suspended sediment concentration distribution at neap (a) and spring (b) tides

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图 8 小潮（a，c）与大潮（b，d）悬沙浓度标准差（a，b）及变异系数（c，d）

Fig. 8 The standard deviation (a, b) and coefficient of variation (c, d) of the suspended sediment concentration between the neap tide (a, c) and the spring tide (b, d)

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图 9 研究区水深及水下地形断面

b和c中各断面的位置见图1

Fig. 9 Water depth topography in the study area and its transections

The location of sections in b and c see fig. 1

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图 10 悬沙浓度与水深关系的曲线拟合

Fig. 10 Curve fitting of suspended sediment concentration against water depth

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表 1 悬沙浓度实测数据

Tab. 1 Measured data of suspended sediment concentration

日期	数据量/个	悬沙浓度范围/（mg·L⁻¹）
2017年8月6日	14	2.2～47.8
2017年8月7日	12	1.4～248.5
2017年8月8日	6	3.6～48.6
2018年8月25日	10	10.9～195.26
2018年8月26日	11	3.6～405.07
2018年8月27日	8	4.2～34.4
2019年7月12日	10	10～40
2019年7月15日	6	10～80
2020年9月6日	7	9.7～46.9

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表 2 所用GOCI影像信息

Tab. 2 GOCI imagery information used in this study

成像日期	可用影像/景	成像日期	可用影像/景
2017年7月8日	8	2018年8月27日	5
2017年8月6日	8	2018年8月30日	8
2017年8月7日	8	2018年11月1日	8
2017年8月8日	8	2018年12月13日	8
2017年8月9日	8	2019年7月11日	8
2018年7月16日	8	2019年7月12日	8
2018年7月22日	8	2018年7月15日	3
2018年8月25日	8	2018年7月16日	8
2018年8月26日	4	2020年9月6日	8

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表 3 悬沙浓度反演模型列表

Tab. 3 List of suspended sediment concentration inversion models

算法	模型	适用地区
YOC	SSC=10^{0.649+25.623(R_rs555+R_rs660)-0.646(R_rs490/R_rs555)}	黄海、东海
Case2	SSC=10^{0.08832+1.627(R_rs745/R_rs555)+1.121(R_rs680/R_rs490)}	韩国近岸海域
余佳算法	SSC=0.6358exp(87.65R_rs555)	黄海、渤海
Li算法	SSC=10^{1.019(R_rs660/R_rs555)+10.394R_rs490+0.835}	黄河口近岸海域

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表 4 不同情景下高浓度悬沙（不小于150 mg/L）情况

Tab. 4 High-concentration suspended sediment (no less than 150 mg/L) under different scenarios

情景	径流量/（m³·s⁻¹）	日输沙量/（10⁴ t）	面积/km²	最大值/（mg·L⁻¹）	最大扩散范围/km
高径流输沙	2520.00	481.00	316.00	1377.62	17.14
低径流输沙	440.00	3.10	25.00	386.34	2.77
微风（2.1 m/s）	770.00	11.81	23.50	1501.33	5.31
大风（8.9 m/s）	370.00	2.45	783.00	1692.60	21.56
大潮（1.12 m）	2520.00	481.00	316.00	1377.62	17.14
小潮（0.49 m）	3490.00	1079.00	196.25	1365.80	13.55
注：“情景”列括号内分别是微风、大风情况下的风速和大、小潮的潮差。

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