珠江蕉门分汊河口分流比水槽实验研究

姚鹏; 余志斌; 苏敏; 安欣禧; 周曾

doi:10.12284/hyxb2022055

珠江蕉门分汊河口分流比水槽实验研究

doi: 10.12284/hyxb2022055

姚鹏^{1, 2,},
余志斌²,
苏敏^{2, 3, ,},
安欣禧²,
周曾^{1, 2}

1.
河海大学水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室，江苏南京 210098
2.
江苏省海岸海洋资源开发与环境安全重点实验室，江苏南京 210098
3.
华东师范大学河口海岸学国家重点实验室，上海 200241

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（51809296，51709288）；河口海岸学国家重点实验室开放基金资助项目（SKLEC-KF202006）；中央高校基本科研业务费项目（2019B04514，2019B05914）；江苏省“双创博士”项目；河海大学优秀硕士学位论文培育计划。

详细信息

作者简介:
姚鹏（1987-），男，山东省菏泽市人，副教授，博士，主要从事河口海岸水沙动力研究。E-mail：p.yao@hhu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
苏敏（1986-），女，山东省菏泽市人，副教授，博士，主要研究方向为河口海岸动力地貌演变。E-mail：sumin@hhu.edu.cn

中图分类号: TV148⁺.2
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-06-16
- 修回日期: 2021-10-11
- 网络出版日期: 2022-02-16
- 刊出日期: 2022-07-13

Flume experiment on flow division ratio of bifurcated Jiaomen outlet in the Zhujiang River

Yao Peng^{1, 2
,},
Yu Zhibin²,
Su Min^{2, 3
, ,},
An Xinxi²,
Zhou Zeng^{1, 2}

1.
State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
2.
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Coast Ocean Resources Development and Environment Security, Nanjing 210098, China
3.
State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China

摘要

摘要: 作为珠江主要的泄洪排沙口门，珠江蕉门主要承泄西北江的径流和泥沙，与虎门通过横向汊道凫洲水道连通，其分水分沙的比例对粤港澳大湾区防洪及通航安全至关重要。针对凫洲水道分流比问题，本文基于蕉门分汊河口的形态特点及地貌特征，设计系列水槽实验，探究凫洲水道分流比、分流比影响因子及其变化趋势等。结果表明：在保证宽度比、深度比和流量比均相似的情况下，该水槽实验可较高精度地模拟蕉门分汊河口分流比。凫洲水道分流比受到蕉门与虎门共同影响：虎门与蕉门的相对流速比越大，凫洲水道分流比越大，其主汊地位越明显。在现有的地貌特征条件下，凫洲水道主支汊转变的阈值是虎门与蕉门相对流速比，约为0.35。研究成果可为蕉门整治、保障其行洪通航安全等提供参考依据。
- 蕉门 /
- 凫洲水道 /
- 分汊河口 /
- 分流比 /
- 水槽实验
Abstract: The Jiaomen outlet is the main flood and sediment discharge of the Zhujiang River. It is connected with Humen outlet through a lateral branch, namely the Fuzhou Channel. The flow and sediment division ratio of the bifurcated Jiaomen outlet are important for flood control and navigation safety of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. Focusing on the flow division ratio of the Fuzhou Channel, this study designed a series of scaled physical experiments to explore the relationship between flow division ratio of the Fuzhou Channel and the flow of Jiaomen outlet and adjacent Humen outlet. The dimension of the physical model is based on morphological characteristics in the vicinity of the Jiaomen outlet nowadays. Results of the experiment are in good agreement with the filed measurements under two different flow conditions, demonstrating a reliable model performance. Subsequently, series of experiments have been carried out by varying upstream discharges of Humen and Jiaomen. Experimental results indicate that the division ratio of the Fuzhou Channel depicts a positive relationship with the flow velocity ratio between Humen and Jiaomen. Thus, the flow division ratio of the Fuzhou Channel depends on both Humen and Jiaomen. The experimental results further suggest that, under present geomorphic situation, if the upstream velocity ratio between Humen and Jiaomen decreases to 0.35, the Fuzhou Channel would shift from the main branch to secondary. The research results can provide a reference for the artificial regulation of Jiaomen outlet and its flood and navigation safety.
- Jiaomen outlet /
- Fuzhou Channel /
- bifurcated estuary /
- flow division ratio /
- flume experiment

HTML全文

图 1 珠江三角洲蕉门与虎门、凫洲水道位置示意图

Fig. 1 The location of Jiaomen and Humen outlets, Fuzhou Channel of the Zhujiang River Delta

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图 2 水槽模型设计及仪器布置平面图（a）与正视图（b）

Fig. 2 Top view (a) and front view (b) of flume experiment design and instruments layout

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图 3 控制断面分布

Fig. 3 Distribution of the control section

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图 4 凫洲水道分流比随断面流速比的变化

Fig. 4 Variation of flow division ratio of Fuzhou Channel with velocity ratio between Humen and Jiaomen outlets

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图 5 凫洲水道分流比及流量随虎门、蕉门断面流速比变化（虎门流速不变）

Fig. 5 The relationship between variation of flow division ratio, water discharge of Fuzhou Channel and flow discharge of Humen and Jiaomen outlets（in case of constant Humen velocity）

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表 1 伶仃洋东四口门水沙分配表

Tab. 1 Distribution of water and sediment discharge of the east four outlets in the Lingding Bay

口门	径流量/ （10⁸ m³·a⁻¹）	径流量在四大口门中的占比/%	悬沙输沙量/（10⁴ t·a⁻¹）	输沙量在四大口门中的占比/%
虎门	578	34.6	995	27.2
蕉门	541	32.4	1323	36.1
洪奇门	200	12.0	489	13.3
横门	351	21.0	857	23.4
总计	1670	100	3664	100

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表 2 实验工况设计表

Tab. 2 Parameter setting of experiments

工况	V₁/（cm·s⁻¹）	V₂/（cm·s⁻¹）	V₁/V₂
1	4	20	0.2
2	8	20	0.4
3	10	20	0.5
4	12	20	0.6
5（基准实验）	16	20	0.8
6（基准实验）	20	20	1.0
7	24	20	1.2
8	24	18.5	1.3
9	24	14	1.7
10	24	12	2.0
11	24	10	2.4

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表 3 实验流速比与分流比结果

Tab. 3 Measured flow division ratio under various velocity ratios

工况	设计流速比	实测流速比	断面5分流比
1	0.20	0.202	0.45
2	0.40	0.427	0.54
3	0.50	0.591	0.58
4	0.60	0.646	0.61
5（基准实验）	0.80	0.749	0.62
6（基准实验）	1.00	1.032	0.75
7	1.20	1.221	0.77
8	1.30	1.288	0.80
9	1.80	1.773	0.91
10	2.00	1.940	0.98
11	2.40	2.341	0.99

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