海州湾秋季鱼类<i>β</i>多样性组分分析及其与环境因子的关系

李雪童; 徐宾铎; 薛莹; 任一平; 张崇良

doi:10.12284/hyxb2022048

海州湾秋季鱼类β多样性组分分析及其与环境因子的关系

doi: 10.12284/hyxb2022048

李雪童^{1, 2,},
徐宾铎^{1, 3},
薛莹^{1, 2},
任一平^{1, 2, 3},
张崇良^{1, 2, ,}

1.
中国海洋大学水产学院，山东青岛 266003
2.
海州湾渔业生态系统教育部野外科学观测研究站，山东青岛 266003
3.
青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室，山东青岛 266237

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0900904)。

详细信息

作者简介:
李雪童（1995—），女，河北省保定市人，主要从事渔业资源研究。E-mail：13294097704@163.com

通讯作者:
张崇良，副教授，主要从事种群动力学研究。E-mail：zhangclg@ouc.edu.cn

中图分类号: S932.4
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-06-28
- 修回日期: 2021-11-01
- 网络出版日期: 2021-12-08
- 刊出日期: 2022-02-01

β diversity and its components of the fish community in the Haizhou Bay during autumn and the relationships with environmental factors

Li Xuetong^{1, 2
,},
Xu Binduo^{1, 3},
Xue Ying^{1, 2},
Ren Yiping^{1, 2, 3},
Zhang Chongliang^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
2.
Field Observation and Research Station of Haizhou Bay Fishery Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China
3.
Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China

摘要

摘要: 由于过度捕捞等人类活动的胁迫，近年来海州湾渔业资源严重衰退。为了解海州湾鱼类β多样性的变化特征及其影响因素，本研究根据2013−2017年秋季在海州湾及其邻近海域进行的渔业资源底拖网调查数据，采用Sørenson相异性指数等方法计算了调查站位间以及海州湾海域整体的鱼类β多样性，并将β多样性分解为周转和嵌套两个组分，分析其时空变化特征。结合海州湾环境数据，采用广义非相似性模型分析海州湾鱼类β多样性及其组分与环境因子的关系。结果表明，海州湾鱼类β多样性及其周转和嵌套组分在年际间呈现不同程度的波动态势，浅水区的波动较为明显，深水区其次，海州湾整体则维持在较为稳定的状态；鱼类群落组成以周转模式变化。海水盐度和叶绿素a浓度是影响β多样性及其周转的主要因素，两者累计的模型偏差解释率分别为28.05%和23.33%，温度的影响相对较小；广义非相似性模型对嵌套组分的解释率较低。本研究深入解析了海州湾鱼类β多样性的时空特征及其影响因素，旨在为建立海洋保护区、优化海洋保护策略提供科学依据。
- 鱼类群落 /
- β多样性 /
- 环境因子 /
- 广义非相似性模型 /
- 海州湾
Abstract: This study aims to understand the characteristics and variability in the β diversity of fish community and its influencing environmental factors in the Haizhou Bay, which was rich in fishery resources in history but seriously declined in recent years due to overfishing and environmental pollution. The data were collected from fishery resource surveys conducted in the Haizhou Bay and its adjacent waters from 2013 to 2017 using bottom trawl in autumn. β diversity was measured by Sørensen dissimilarity index using pairwise and multiple-site methods. Additionally, β diversity was divided into turnover and nestedness components and the results were analyzed visually by violin plots. On this basis, the generalized dissimilarity modelling (GDM) was used to analyze the relationship between β diversity and its components with environmental factors. The results of this study showed that the β diversity of fish community and its components fluctuated remarkably among survey years, the fluctuation was larger in the shallow water, less for the deep water, and remained at a relatively stable level regarding the whole sea area. The proportion of the turnover component in β diversity was basically maintained at more than 80%. The component of turnover was significantly larger than that of nestedness, implying the changes of fish community in the Haizhou Bay were dominated by turnover. The salinity and chlorophyll concentration of seawater were the main factors influencing β diversity and its turnover component, and the accumulated deviance explained rate of salinity and chlorophyll were 28.05% and 23.33%, respectively, the influence of water temperature was weak. The environmental factors selected in this study had a low explanatory rate for the nestedness component, which was only 1.52%. Our results implied that the characteristics of fish community have been driven by the environment, and the community development can yield corresponding adaptive to environmental changes. The process of changes in β diversity of fish community may be complex. For instance, salinity and chlorophyll concentration affect the prey density of fish and thus affect β diversity, however, more influencing factors have not been evaluated. Further studies on β diversity and its components are necessary to understand the mechanism of changing characteristics of fish community, and to provide scientific reference for the establishment of marine reserves as well as the optimization of marine conservation strategies.
- fish community /
- β diversity /
- environmental factor /
- generalized dissimilarity modelling /
- Haizhou Bay

HTML全文

图 1 海州湾及其邻近海域渔业资源调查站位

Fig. 1 Sampling stations of the fishery resource surveys in the Haizhou Bay and its adjacent waters

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图 2 海州湾鱼类β多样性及其组分

Fig. 2 β diversity and its components of fish species in the Haizhou Bay

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图 3 海州湾鱼类β多样性及其组分分布

Fig. 3 Distributions of β diversity and its components of fish species in the Haizhou Bay

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图 4 预测变量对β多样性及其组分的贡献

Fig. 4 Contributions of predictors to β diversity and its components

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图 5 广义非相似性模型分析β多样性的偏响应图

Fig. 5 Partial response graphs of generalized dissimilarity modelling for analyzing β diversity

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表 1 海州湾及其邻近海域环境因子监测结果

Tab. 1 Monitoring results of environmental factors in the Haizhou Bay and its adjacent waters

环境因子	平均值	最大值	最小值	变异系数CV
叶绿素 a浓度/（mg·m⁻³）	2.28	4.28	0.66	0.44
水深/m	20.71	29.08	11.19	0.22
水温/℃	20.93	25.02	18.47	0.09
盐度	29.80	31.94	21.71	0.05

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表 2 环境因子的Pearson相关系数

Tab. 2 Pearson correlation coefficients between environmental factors

环境因子	盐度	水温	水深
水温	0.029
水深	0.371**	0.149
叶绿素 a浓度	−0.598**	−0.140	−0.640**
注：**代表p<0.01。

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表 3 β多样性指数及其计算公式

Tab. 3 Calculation formulas of β diversity indices

β多样性指数	公式
站位间Sørenson相异性指数	$ {\ \text{β} }_{{\rm{sor}}}=\dfrac{b+c}{2a+b+c} $
站位间Sørenson指数中周转组分	$ {\ \text{β} }_{{\rm{sim}}}=\dfrac{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}(b,c)}{a+\mathrm{m}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}(b,c)} $
站位间Sørenson指数中嵌套组分	$ {\ \text{β} }_{{\rm{nes}}}={\text{β} }_{{\rm{sor}}}-{\text{β} }_{{\rm{sim}}} $
海域Sørenson相异性指数	$ {\ \text{β} }_{{\rm{SOR}}}=\dfrac{\left[\displaystyle\sum _{i < j}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}({b}_{ij},{b}_{ji})\right]+\left[\displaystyle\sum _{i < j}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{x}({b}_{ij},{b}_{ji})\right]}{2\left[\displaystyle\sum _{i}{S}_{i}-{S}_{{\rm{T}}}\right]+\left[\displaystyle\sum _{i < j}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}({b}_{ij},{b}_{ji})\right]+\left[\displaystyle\sum _{i < j}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{x}({b}_{ij},{b}_{ji})\right]} $
海域Sørenson指数中周转组分	$ {\ \text{β} }_{{\rm{SIM}}}=\dfrac{\left[\displaystyle\sum _{i < j}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}({b}_{ij},{b}_{ji})\right]}{\left[\displaystyle\sum _{i}{S}_{i}-{S}_{{\rm{T}}}\right]+\left[\displaystyle\sum _{i < j}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}({b}_{ij},{b}_{ji})\right]} $
海域Sørenson指数中嵌套组分	$ {{\ \text{β} }_{{\rm{NES}}}=\text{β} }_{{\rm{SIM}}}-{\text{β} }_{{\rm{SOR}}} $
注：β_sor、β_sim、β_net分别为站位间的β多样性、周转组分和嵌套组分；a为两个站位共有的物种数；b和c分别为两个站位所特有的物种数；S_i为站位i的物种数；S_T为所有调查站位的物种总数；b_ij和b_ji分别为站位i和j所特有的物种数。

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表 4 预测变量筛选结果

Tab. 4 Screening results of predictors

模型	因子	累计偏差解释率/%	贡献率/%
Model-β_sor	地理距离	9.60	9.60
	叶绿素a浓度	29.14	19.54
	水深	29.14	0.00
	水温	30.01	0.86
	盐度	38.52	8.51
Model-β_sim	地理距离	9.49	9.49
	叶绿素a浓度	27.32	17.83
	水深	27.32	0.00
	水温	27.51	0.19
	盐度	33.01	5.50
Model-β_nes	地理距离	−	−
	叶绿素a含量	−	−
	水深	−	−
	水温	0.80	0.80
	盐度	1.52	0.73
注：地理距离由GDM计算得出，即欧氏距离；“−”表示该变量对模型拟合无效。

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