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大风影响下的莱州湾西岸单站底层泥沙输运特征分析

李海 万凯 宋新 宋德海 王楠 鲍献文

李海,万凯,宋新,等. 大风影响下的莱州湾西岸单站底层泥沙输运特征分析[J]. 海洋学报,2022,44(6):68–79 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2022041
引用本文: 李海,万凯,宋新,等. 大风影响下的莱州湾西岸单站底层泥沙输运特征分析[J]. 海洋学报,2022,44(6):68–79 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2022041
Li Hai,Wan Kai,Song Xin, et al. Bottom sediment transport in the western Laizhou Bay during strong wind events based on a tripod measurement[J]. Haiyang Xuebao,2022, 44(6):68–79 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2022041
Citation: Li Hai,Wan Kai,Song Xin, et al. Bottom sediment transport in the western Laizhou Bay during strong wind events based on a tripod measurement[J]. Haiyang Xuebao,2022, 44(6):68–79 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2022041

大风影响下的莱州湾西岸单站底层泥沙输运特征分析

doi: 10.12284/hyxb2022041
基金项目: 山东省自然科学基金(ZR2019MD010);NSFC-山东省联合基金(U1706215);国家重点研发专项(2018YFC140707602);国家海洋局北海分局科技项目(2016b16)。
详细信息
    作者简介:

    李海(1999—),男,广西壮族自治区桂林市人,主要从事海洋沉积动力学研究。E-mail: lihai@stu.ouc.edu.cn

    通讯作者:

    宋德海(1983—),男,山东省青岛市人,副教授,主要从事近海环流与物质输运研究。E-mail:songdh@ouc.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: P736.21;TV148+.5

Bottom sediment transport in the western Laizhou Bay during strong wind events based on a tripod measurement

  • 摘要: 基于2018年10月21日至11月6日莱州湾西岸连续站观测数据,本文利用集合经验模态分解、希尔伯特−黄变换和小波分析法对底层单宽输沙率的小尺度特征做分析,并针对观测期间出现的大风天气对泥沙输运的影响进行了探究。结果表明,单宽输沙率在观测时间段内具有高频、潮周期、低频以及长周期尺度变化特征,周期尺度从小到大。其中高频和潮周期分量方差贡献率及所含能量最高,对输沙率的影响最强。边际谱显示东西方向输沙率的显著周期为13.3 h,南北方向大于11 h的周期较为显著。观测期间底层净泥沙通量分别为东向305.77 kg/m、南向597.25 kg/m,余流分量贡献最大,低频和高频分量贡献最小。上强迫风场主要在风速衰减期通过湍流和波浪影响输沙速率的时频分布,使其低频变化显著增强的同时,产生1 h周期左右的高频波动。交叉小波分析显示,风速和单宽输沙率在低频波段上相干性较强,且单宽输沙率会滞后风速1/4至1/2个周期。另外,风浪会增强泥沙输运的涨落潮不对称性,进而增加潮周期分量上的泥沙净输运。
  • 图  1  研究区域水深、连续站和风场数据站位

    Fig.  1  Bathymetry map of the study area and the location of the measurement site and wind data site

    图  2  ADCP观测的流速剖面U分量(a)和V分量(b),ADV观测的近底层流速U分量(c)和V分量(d)及临近层位的ADCP观测数据对比

    Fig.  2  The ADCP measured U-component (a) and V-component (b) of the velocity profile, and the ADV measured U-component (c) and V-component (d) of the near-bottom velocity and corresponding ADCP measurement

    图  3  风矢量(a),亚潮频率的流速剖面U分量(b)、V分量(c)和悬沙浓度(d)随时间的变化

    Fig.  3  Temporal variation of wind vector (a), U-component (b) and V-component (c) of the sub-tidal velocity profile, and suspended sediment concentration (d)

    图  4  单宽输沙率(a)和累积输沙率(b)随时间的变化

    Fig.  4  Temporal variation of the sediment transport rate (a) and cumulative sediment transport rate (b) within unit-width

    图  5  单宽输沙率EEMD分解重构结果

    Fig.  5  The reconstructed intrinsic mode functions of the EEMD on unit-width sediment transport rate

    图  6  东西方向(a)、南北方向(b)各分量显著性检验

    Fig.  6  Significance test of each component in east-west direction (a) and north-south direction (b)

    图  7  风速(a),东西方向(b)和南北方向(c)单宽输沙率的Hilbert谱,有效波高(d)和湍动能(e)随时间的变化

    红色方框为风速增长期,绿色方框为风速衰减期

    Fig.  7  Temporal variation of the wind speed (a), Hilbert spectrum of east-west (b) and north-south (c) unit-width sediment transport rate, significant wave height (d), and turbulent kinetic energy (e)

    Red boxes indicate wind increase periods and green for wind decrease periods

    图  8  东西方向(a)和南北方向(b)单宽输沙率的边际谱

    Fig.  8  The marginal spectrum of the east-west (a) and north-south (b) sediment transport within unit-width

    图  9  东西方向(a,b)和南北方向(c,d)单宽输沙率与风速的交叉小波功率谱(a,c)和小波相干谱(b,d)

    Fig.  9  The cross-wavelet power spectrum (a, c) and wavelet coherence spectrum (b, d) between east-west (a, b) and north-south (c, d) unit-width sediment transport rate and wind speed

    图  10  各分量及余流分量的净输沙量

    Fig.  10  Net sediment transport of each component and Res

    图  11  潮流分量涨潮、落潮和全潮净输沙量

    Fig.  11  The net sediment transport of tide current component during each flood tide, ebb tide and full tide

    表  1  测量仪器设置

    Tab.  1  Settings of observation instruments

    测量仪器距海底距离/
    cm
    采样周期/
    min
    采样频率/
    Hz
    测量参数
    TD-WAVE102516波高、波周期、水深
    ADCP 向上180208流速、流向、温度、压强
    ADCP 向下92208流速、流向、温度、压强
    ADV343016流速、流向
    OBS1102208浊度
    OBS228208浊度
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  单宽输沙率EEMD分解各IMF分量平均周期和方差贡献率

    Tab.  2  The period and variance contribution rate of each IMF of the EEMD decomposition on unit-width sediment transport rate

    IMF分量东西方向
    平均周期/h
    东西方向
    方差贡献率/%
    南北方向
    平均周期/h
    南北方向
    方差贡献率/%
    IMF11.041.520.987.19
    IMF22.703.542.514.80
    IMF36.9956.305.9612.34
    IMF412.4026.2712.6022.69
    IMF524.806.3323.2914.52
    IMF645.220.6738.433.99
    IMF7109.811.12109.811.32
    IMF8192.170.46334.737.36
    IMF9384.330.08380.612.66
    Res/3.70/23.11
    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2021-05-19
  • 修回日期:  2021-10-11
  • 网络出版日期:  2022-07-13
  • 刊出日期:  2022-07-13

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