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冬季北风风速对长江河口盐水入侵的影响

李林江 朱建荣

李林江,朱建荣. 冬季北风风速对长江河口盐水入侵的影响[J]. 海洋学报,2021,43(10):10–22 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2021099
引用本文: 李林江,朱建荣. 冬季北风风速对长江河口盐水入侵的影响[J]. 海洋学报,2021,43(10):10–22 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2021099
Li Linjiang,Zhu Jianrong. The effects of north wind speed in winter on saltwater intrusion in the Changjiang Estuary[J]. Haiyang Xuebao,2021, 43(10):10–22 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2021099
Citation: Li Linjiang,Zhu Jianrong. The effects of north wind speed in winter on saltwater intrusion in the Changjiang Estuary[J]. Haiyang Xuebao,2021, 43(10):10–22 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2021099

冬季北风风速对长江河口盐水入侵的影响

doi: 10.12284/hyxb2021099
基金项目: 珠海市基础与应用基础课题研究项目(ZH22017003200004PWC);国家自然科学基金(41676083)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    李林江(1989-),男,四川省广安市人,博士,主要从事近海动力研究。E-mail:li_linjiang@126.com

    通讯作者:

    朱建荣,教授,主要从事河口近海动力学研究。E-mail:jrzhu@sklec.ecnu.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: P731.23

The effects of north wind speed in winter on saltwater intrusion in the Changjiang Estuary

  • 摘要: 本文应用三维数值模式ECOM-si,研究冬季不同北风风速对长江河口盐水入侵和青草沙水库取水的影响。数值实验结果表明,北风驱动苏北高盐水向南往长江口输运,在埃克曼输运作用下,长江河口形成北港进南港出水平环流,加剧北港盐水入侵。在枯季平均径流(11 900 m3/s)条件下,当北风风速超过10 m/s,北港口门水通量朝陆净输运,当风速超过11 m/s,北港盐水倒灌至南港。无风时,北港半月平均盐度仅为0.97,北港口门半月平均水位仅为0.13 m;当风速增加到14 m/s时,盐度和水位分别增长到27.4和0.42 m。北风减少了青草沙水库的取水天数。无风时青草沙水库30 d内可取水天数共有29.7 d;当风速高于10 m/s,30 d内可取水天数降为0 d。北风风速增强能够显著增加北港盐水入侵,不利于青草沙水库取水。
  • 图  1  长江河口形势(a)及崇明东滩气象站观测风玫瑰图(b)

    黑色三角形为青草沙水库取水口位置,红点为崇明东滩气象站位置,sec1−sec4为模型计算断面通量的位置。风玫瑰图统计时段为2005−2019年,统计每年的12月、1月和2月

    Fig.  1  Topography of the Changjiang River Estuary (a) and wind rose of weather station at the Chongming eastern shoal (b)

    The water intake of the Qingcaosha Reservoir is marked by a black triangle, and weather station at the Chongming eastern shoal is marked by a red dot. Cross-sectional fluxes are calculated through sections “sec1”, “sec2”, “sec3” and “sec4”. Wind rose for the winter season (December, January, February) based on the 2005−2019 period at the weather station

    图  2  半月(第38 d到第53 d)平均盐度分布

    盐度为垂向平均。红点为青草沙水库取水口的位置

    Fig.  2  Distribution of 15-day (day 38 to day 53) averaged salinity

    The salinity is depth averaged. Red dot indicates the location of water intake of the Qingcaosha Reservoir

    图  3  半月(第38 d到第53 d)平均单宽水体输运分布

    箭头仅表示方向,颜色表示大小

    Fig.  3  Distribution of 15-day (day 38 to day 53) averaged unit water transport

    Arrows only indicate direction of transport, color indicate magnitude of transport

    图  4  北港口门断面潮差(a)、水通量(b)和盐通量(c)随时间变化

    正值为朝海,负值为朝陆。北港口门断面的位置见图1中sec1

    Fig.  4  The temporal variation in tidal amplitude (a), water (b) and salt (c) fluxes across the section at the mouth of the North Channel

    Positive and negative values indicate seaward and landward, respectively. The location of the section is marked in Fig. 1

    图  5  不同风速作用下北港口门断面半月(第38 d到第53 d)平均水通量(a)、盐通量(b)、水位(c)和整个北港半月平均盐度(d)

    正值为朝海,负值为朝陆。北港口门断面的位置见图1中sec1

    Fig.  5  Modeled 15-day (day 38 to day 53) averaged water flux (a), salt flux (b), water level (c) across section at the mouth of the North Channel and volume-averaged salinity in the North Channel (d) under various wind speed

    Positive and negative values indicate seaward and landward, respectively. The location of the section is marked in Fig. 1

    图  6  不同风速条件下断面sec2(a)、sec3(b)和sec4(c)半月(第38 d到第53 d)水通量

    中间绿色虚线表示水通量值为11 900 m3/s

    Fig.  6  Modeled 15-day (day 38 to day 53) averaged water flux across section at sec2 (a), sec3 (b) and sec4 (c) versus wind speed

    The green dashed line in the middle panel indicates the value of 11 900 m3/s

    图  7  不同风速作用下青草沙取水口盐度随时间变化

    不同颜色实线代表不同风速作用下盐度,蓝色虚线代表盐度0.45。图中最上边S代表北港口门断面潮差最大的时刻,N代表北港口门断面潮差最小的时刻(根据图4a

    Fig.  7  Temporal variation in salinity at the intake of the Qingcaosha Reservoir under different wind speeds

    Different color lines indicate results from different wind speeds experiments. Blue dashed line indicates salinity is 0.45. Times of peak spring and neap tides are marked with ‘‘S’’ and ‘‘N’’ (according to Fig. 4a)

    图  8  不同风速和风向作用下青草沙取水口盐度随时间变化

    蓝色虚线代表盐度0.45。图中最上边S代表北港口门断面潮差最大的时刻,N代表北港口门断面潮差最小的时刻(根据图4a

    Fig.  8  Temporal variation in salinity at the intake of the Qingcaosha Reservoir under different wind directions and speeds

    Blue dashed line indicates salinity is 0.45. Times of peak spring and neap tides are marked with ‘‘S’’ and ‘‘N’’ (according to Fig. 4a)

    图  9  不同风向和正北风盐度场差值

    左边为小潮后期平均,右边为大潮平均

    Fig.  9  Differences in salinity between north wind and other directions

    Left panels are averaged during late neap tide, right panels are averaged during spring tide

    表  1  30 d内不同风速下最长不宜取水天数和共可取水天数

    Tab.  1  The longest continuous days unsuitable and total days suitable for water intakes within 30 days under different wind speeds

    天数/d风速/(m·s−1)
    02468101214
    共可取水天数29.729.528.620.88.9000
    最长不宜取水天数0.10.10.23.28.0303030
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2020-04-11
  • 修回日期:  2020-12-26
  • 网络出版日期:  2021-07-09
  • 刊出日期:  2021-10-30

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