Rheological characteristics and its influencing factors of dense cohesive sediments in the Huanghe River subaqueous delta
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摘要: 黏性泥沙在黄河水下三角洲广泛分布，其在外部载荷作用下易引发泥沙淤积、冲刷、海床流化等问题，对港口、航道、海底管线等工程设施构成巨大威胁。利用黄河水下三角洲埕岛海域所取海底表层沉积物，制备不同固结时间和不同含水率的高浓度黏性泥沙样品。采用R/S流变仪，对所制备高浓度黏性泥沙样品进行全剪切速率下的流变试验，分析黄河水下三角洲高浓度黏性泥沙流变特性及含水率和固结时间对流变特性的影响。结果表明，高浓度黏性泥沙在剪切荷载作用下流化失稳，发生相态转化；屈服应力在固结120 min后增加了35%；含水率50%以上高浓度黏性泥沙在高剪切速率下表现出剪切增稠行为，且随含水率增加剪切增稠行为越明显；Power模型适用于含水率大于50%的高浓度黏性泥沙在高剪切速率下的流变行为。本研究可为海底黏性泥沙运动过程数值模拟与海底重力流等灾害预测提供参考。Abstract: Cohesive sediments are widely distributed in the subaqueous delta of the Huanghe River and can easily cause problems such as sedimentation, erosion and sea-bed fluidization under the action of external load, which poses a great threat to the engineering facilities such as ports, waterways and submarine pipelines. Samples of cohesive sediment with different consolidation times and different water contents were prepared by using the undisturbed cohesive sediment taken from the fluid mud development area of the Huanghe River subaqueous delta. The rheological tests were carried out under the mode of full shear rate with R/S rheometer to analyze the rheological characteristics of cohesive sediment in the Huanghe River subaqueous delta and the effects of water content and consolidation time on the rheological characteristics. The results show that the cohesive sediment flows and becomes unstable under the shear load, and the phase changes. The yield stress increased by 35% after being consolidated for 120 min. The shear thickening behavior of the cohesive sediment with 50% water content at a high shear rate was more obvious with the increase of water content. Power model is applicable to the rheological behavior of the cohesive sediment with a water content greater than 50% at high shear rate. This study can provide a reference for the numerical simulation of subaqueous cohesive sediment and the prediction of subaqueous gravity flow.
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图 2 不同含水率高浓度黏性泥沙流变曲线
Fig. 2 Rheological curves of dense cohesive sediment with different moisture contents
图 3 含水率45%高浓度黏性泥沙不同固结时间流变曲线
Fig. 3 Rheological curves of dense cohesive sediment with moisture content of 45% at different consolidation times
图 4 低剪切速率下高浓度黏性泥沙流变曲线
Fig. 4 Rheological curve of dense cohesive sediment in low shear rate
图 5 含水率42%高浓度黏性泥沙流变曲线及模型拟合
Fig. 5 Rheological curve and model fitting of dense cohesive sediment with moisture content of 42%
图 6 固结时间与流变参数拟合曲线
Fig. 6 The fitting curve between consolidation time and rheological parameters
图 7 不同含水率高浓度黏性泥沙双对数坐标下流变曲线
Fig. 7 Rheological curves of dense cohesive sediment with different moisture content in logarithmic coordinates
图 10 含水率与屈服应力、稠度系数拟合曲线
Fig. 10 The fitting curve between moisture content and rheological parameters
表 1 原状泥沙基本物理性质
Tab. 1 Physical properties of natural sediments
取样点 含水率/
%塑限/
%液限/
%塑性
指数含水率/
液限粉粒
含量/%黏粒
含量/%Q1 47.42 19.59 29.89 10.30 1.59 71.0 27.9 Q2 42.30 20.17 30.44 10.27 1.39 71.7 26.9 Q3 34.81 19.57 30.83 11.26 1.13 72.6 23.4 Q4 48.08 18.64 33.11 4.47 1.45 74.3 22.1 Q5 44.59 22.1 30.74 8.64 1.45 72.1 27.1 Q6 42.80 17.21 31.23 14.02 1.37 74.3 21.6 
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表 2 R/S流变仪基本参数
Tab. 2 Basic parameters of R/S rheometer
精度/% 可测量扭矩/ N·m 角分辨率/mrad 可调转速/(r·min−1) 可测剪切强度/Pa 转子型号 1 0.05～50 0.8 0.7～1 000 0～1 706 V40-20
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表 3 样品信息表
Tab. 3 Information of samples
试样编号 密度/(g·cm−3) 含水率/% 固结时间/min 1 1.52 35 5 2 1.51 40 5 3 1.50 42 5 4 1.47 45 0, 15, 60, 120 5 1.44 50 5 6 1.40 55 5 7 1.37 60 5
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表 4 各固结时间Bingham模型参数
Tab. 4 Bingham model parameters at different consolidation times
固结时间/min τy/Pa η0 R2 0 57.333 0.249 7 0.994 6 15 64.326 0.258 8 0.996 1 60 68.119 0.284 8 0.995 9 120 77.245 0.302 6 0.986 1
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表 5 各含水率高浓度黏性泥沙流变模型参数
Tab. 5 Parameters of dense cohesive sediment rheological model
含水率/% Bingham模型 Power模型 τy η0 R2 K n R2 35 380 0.531 0.96 − − − 40 130 0.313 0.99 − − − 42 107 0.29 0.99 − − − 45 44 0.190 0.98 − − − 低剪切速率 高剪切速率 50 21 0.101 0.99 0.011 2 1.62 0.98 55 11 0.075 0.96 0.001 7 1.970 0.99 60 5 0.056 0.97 0.001 6 1.973 0.99 注：−表示无数据。
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