冬季大连砂质潮间带自由生活海洋线虫群落结构及多样性的比较

宋慧丽; 慕芳红; 孙燕; 华尔

doi:10.12284/hyxb2021060

冬季大连砂质潮间带自由生活海洋线虫群落结构及多样性的比较

doi: 10.12284/hyxb2021060

宋慧丽^1,,
慕芳红¹,
孙燕¹,
华尔^1, ,

中国海洋大学海洋生命学院，山东青岛 266003

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（41976100，41576153）

详细信息

作者简介:
宋慧丽(1997-)，女，山东省菏泽市人，主要从事底栖生态学研究。E-mail：1643602539@qq.com

通讯作者:
华尔，女，副教授，主要从事底栖生态学研究。E-mail：huaer@ouc.edu.cn

中图分类号: P714⁺.5
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-11-18
- 修回日期: 2020-12-23
- 网络出版日期: 2021-08-12
- 刊出日期: 2021-08-25

Comparison of community structure and diversity of free-living marine nematodes in the sandy intertidal zone of Dalian in winter

Song Huili^1
,,
Mu Fanghong¹,
Sun Yan¹,
Hua Er^{1
, ,}

College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China

摘要

摘要: 本研究于2015年12月在濒临渤海的大连夏家河子沙滩和濒临黄海的大连金沙滩采集海洋线虫样品，对两处砂质潮间带海洋线虫群落结构及多样性特征进行了研究。研究结果表明，两处砂质潮间带海洋线虫丰度、优势种、摄食结构及多样性差异显著。夏家河子海洋线虫平均丰度为(592.0±318.9) ind./(10 cm²)，金沙滩海洋线虫平均丰度为(54.6±53.8) ind./(10 cm²)，显著低于夏家河子。共鉴定海洋线虫43种，共有种13个。夏家河子沙滩海洋线虫优势种为Daptonema sp.1、Daptonema sp.2、Theristus sp.1、Setosabatieria sp.1、Prochromadorella sp.1、Daptonema sp.3、Paracyatholaimus sp.1、Sabatieria breviseta，以非选择性沉积食性线虫为主；金沙滩海洋线虫优势种为Oncholaimus sp.1、Chromadorita sp.1、Theristus sp.2, Neochromadora sp.1、Enoplus sp.1、Prochromadorella sp.1，以杂食性或捕食性线虫为主。两处砂质潮间带海洋线虫种数S、丰富度指数d和香农−威纳多样性指数H'存在极显著的差异，其值均表现为夏家河子显著高于金沙滩。相似性分析结果显示，两处沙滩的海洋线虫群落结构存在显著差异。间隙水pH、沉积物有机质含量及中值粒径是引起海洋线虫群落结构及多样性差异的主要因子，其中，沉积物中值粒径对线虫群落特征的影响最为突出。就两处沙滩潮区差异而言，受沉积物粒径特征及pH的影响，夏家河子海洋线虫群落特征在不同潮区之间也存在差异，其低潮带海洋线虫多样性高于高、中潮带，杂食者和捕食者丰度高，反映其海洋线虫群落结构较复杂。金沙滩不同潮区的环境因子无显著差异，线虫群落结构及多样性潮区差异不显著，较为均一。此外，水动力对海洋线虫群落结构沙滩差异和潮区差异也产生重要影响。一方面，水动力通过影响不同粒径沉积物的沉积影响海洋线虫群落特征；另一方面，水动力可影响线虫的分散性，进而对其潮区分布产生影响。
- 大连；沙滩 /
- 海洋线虫 /
- 群落结构 /
- 摄食类型
Abstract: In this study, marine nematode samples were collected from Dalian Xiajiahezi Beach near the Bohai Sea and Dalian Golden Beach near the Yellow Sea in December 2015, and the community structure and diversity characteristics of marine nematodes in two sandy intertidal zones were studied. The results showed that there were significant differences in the abundance, dominant species, trophic structure and diversity of marine nematodes at the two beaches. The average abundance of marine nematodes were (592.0±318.9) ind./(10 cm²) in the Xiajiahezi Beach, and (54.6±53.8) ind./(10 cm² ) in the Golden Beach, which was significantly lower than that in the Xiajiahezi Beach. A total of 43 species of marine nematodes were identified, and 13 common species. The dominant species of marine nematodes in the Xiajiahezi Beach were Daptonema sp.1, Daptonema sp.2, Theristus sp.1, Setosabatieria sp.1, Prochromadorella sp.1, Daptonema sp.3, Paracyatholaimus sp.1, Sabatieria breviseta, which were mainly non-selective sedimenous nematodes. The dominant species in the Golden Beach were Oncholaimus sp.1 Chromadorita sp.1, Theristus sp.2, Neochromadora sp.1, Enoplus sp.1, Prochromadorella sp.1, which were mainly omnivorous or predatory nematodes. There were significant differences in species number (S), Margalef’s species richness (d) and Shannon–Wiener index(H′) between the two sandy beaches, and the values were significantly higher in the Xijiahezi Beach than the Golden Beach. The Analysis of Similarity tests (ANOSIM) results showed that there were significant differences in marine nematodes community structure between the two beaches. Interstitial water temperature and median diameter (MD_Φ) were the main environmental factors that cause differences in marine nematode community structure and diversity. The characteristics of the marine nematodes community in the Xijiahezi Beach were also different among different tidal zones due to the variations of sediment granularity and pH. The diversity of marine nematodes in low tidal zone was higher than that in high and mid tidal zones, and the abundance of omnivores and predators was higher, which reflected the complex structure of the marine nematodes community. In the Golden Beach, there was no significant difference in environmental factors in different tidal zones, and the difference in nematodes community structure and diversity of tidal areas was not significant and relatively uniform. In addition, hydrodynamic force function was also an important factor that causes differences in marine nematode community structures at the studied beaches. On the one hand, hydrodynamic force affected the community characteristics of marine nematodes by influencing the deposition of sediments with different particle sizes. On the other hand, hydrodynamic force could affect the dispersity of nematodes which in turn affects their tidal distribution.
- Dalian; beach /
- marine nematodes /
- community structure /
- feeding type

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图 1 大连采样站位

Fig. 1 Sampling sites in Dalian

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图 2 两处沙滩环境因子主成分分析

X为夏家河子；J为金沙滩；H、M、L分别代表高、中、低潮带；T为间隙水温度；Sal为间隙水盐度；DO为间隙水溶解氧；Chl a为叶绿素 a；OM为有机质，MD_Φ为中值粒径

Fig. 2 Principal component analysis of environmental factors in two beaches

X represents Xiajiahezi Beach; J represents Golden Beach; H, M, and L represent high, mid, and low tidal zones respectively; T represents interstitial water temperature; Sal represents interstitial water salinity; DO represents interstitial water dissolved oxygen; Chl a represents chlorophyll a; OM represents organic matter; MD_Φrepresents medium grain size

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图 3 两处沙滩各潮区海洋线虫丰度

Fig. 3 The abundance of marine nematodes in different tidal zones of two beaches

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图 4 两处沙滩海洋线虫群落组成的非度量多维标度（MDS）

X为夏家河子；J为金沙滩；H、M、L分别代表高、中、低潮带

Fig. 4 Non-metric multidimensional scaling plot for marine nematodes community composition in two beaches

X represents Xiajiahezi Beach; J represents Golden Beach; H, M, and L represent high, mid, and low tidal zones respectively

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图 5 两处沙滩不同潮间带海洋线虫摄食类型占比

X为夏家河子；J为金沙滩，H、M、L分别代表高、中、低潮带

Fig. 5 Proportion of nematodes feeding types in different tidal zones in two beaches

X represents Xiajiahezi Beach; J represents Golden Beach; H, M, and L represent high, mid, and low tidal zones respectively

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表 1 两处沙滩各潮间带环境因子

Tab. 1 Environmental factors in different tidal zones of two beaches

采样地点	潮区	间隙水温度/℃	pH	间隙水溶解氧浓度/（mg·L⁻¹）	间隙水盐度	Chl a 质量比/（μg·g⁻¹）	有机质含量/%	中值粒径/（Φ）
夏家河子	高潮带	2.45	8.33	5.53	28.80	1.07	0.10	2.59
	中潮带	1.19	8.23	5.53	28.80	1.76	0.04	2.72
	低潮带	0.74	8.47	3.86	30.20	0.73	0.04	3.14
金沙滩	高潮带	7.00	8.12	9.21	34.00	0.09	0.84	0.47
	中潮带	8.10	7.82	7.07	33.95	0.19	0.80	−0.32
	低潮带	7.79	7.91	5.22	35.00	0.44	0.75	1.30

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表 2 两处沙滩海洋线虫优势种贡献率及其摄食类型(SIMPER分析，优势度≥5%)

Tab. 2 The contributions and feeding types of dominant nematodes species in two beaches (SIMPER analysis, dominance ≥5%)

优势种	摄食类型	夏家河子			金沙滩
优势种	摄食类型	高潮带优势种贡献率/%	中潮带势种贡献率/%	低潮带势种贡献率/%	高潮带势种贡献率/%	中潮带势种贡献率/%	低潮带势种贡献率/%
Axonolaimus sp.1	2A	5.22
Bathylaimus sp.1	1B	6.02
Chromadorita sp.1	2A				26.67	26.83
Daptonema sp.1	1B	11.68	34.75	14.39			5.92
Daptonema sp.2	1B	16.63	22.47	14.18
Daptonema sp.3	1B	16.35
Enoplolaimus sp.1	2B				6.32
Enoplus sp.1	2B				12.15		5.00
Neochromadora sp.1	2A					7.20	6.53
Oncholaimus sp.1	2B				36.39	57.62	59.18
Oncholaimus sp.2	2B						10.52
Paracyatholaimus sp.1	2A			9.83
Prochromadorella sp.1	2A	13.11		13.44			7.85
Sabatieria breviseta	1B	12.14
Setosabatieria sp.1	1B		19.67	16.17
Thalamonhystera sp.1	1B				6.32
Theristus sp.1	1B	13.31	11.55	12.23
Theristus sp.2	1B				12.15	8.35	5.00
Viscosia sp.1	2B			12.8

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表 3 研究沙滩海洋线虫多样性指数

Tab. 3 Diversity indices of marine nematodes in study beaches

潮间带	潮区	物种数	物种丰富度指数	均匀度指数	香农−威纳多样性指数	优势度指数
夏家河子	H	19	4.049	0.698 5	2.967	0.812 4
	M	20	4.353	0.504 7	2.181	0.645 2
	L	26	6.147	0.705 8	3.318	0.872 7
金沙滩	H	11	3.453	0.703 8	2.435	0.807 6
	M	6	3.200	0.909 1	2.350	0.986 9
	L	15	4.776	0.602 1	2.352	0.728 0

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表 4 大连沙滩海洋线虫丰度及多样性指数与环境因子的相关性分析结果

Tab. 4 Results of correlation analysis of marine nematode abundance and diversity indices with environmental factors in Dalian beaches

多样性指数	间隙水温度	pH	间隙水溶解氧浓度	间隙水盐度	Chl a 质量比	有机质含量	中值粒径
丰度	−0.882**	0.648*	−0.485	−0.812**	0.705*	−0.687*	0.799**
物种数	−0.822**	0.778**	−0.570	−0.544	0.623*	−0.683*	0.855**
物种丰富度指数	−0.505	0.507	−0.415	−0.168	0.314	−0.506	0.621*
均匀度指数	0.260	−0.279	0.187	0.178	−0.471	0.088	−0.296
香农−威纳多样性指数	−0.601*	0.589*	−0.379	−0.406	0.210	−0.583*	0.670*
优势度指数	0.040	−0.113	−0.039	0.019	−0.244	−0.093	−0.038
注：代表差异显著（p<0.05）；*代表差异极显著（p<0.01）。

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表 5 不同沙滩海洋线虫丰度及多样性指数与环境因子的相关性分析

Tab. 5 Correlation analysis of marine nematode abundance and diversity indices with environmental factors in different beaches

潮间带	环境因子	间隙水温度	间隙水pH	间隙水溶解氧浓度	间隙水盐度	Chl a质量比	有机质含量	中值粒径
夏家河子	丰度	0.615	−0.136	0.300	0.307	0.025	0.493	−0.568
	物种数	−0.234	0.646	−0.474	0.630	−0.039	−0.590	0.475
	物种丰富度指数	−0.358	0.703	−0.499	0.625	−0.139	−0.614	0.600
	均匀度指数	−0.028	0.854*	−0.367	0.189	−0.836*	0.173	0.546
	香农−威纳多样性指数	−0.134	0.895*	−0.485	0.413	−0.613	−0.131	0.604
	优势度指数	−0.045	0.820*	−0.350	0.234	−0.652	−0.079	0.548
金沙滩	丰度	0.006	−0.392	0.043	−0.634	−0.170	0.775	−0.228
	物种数	−0.350	0.090	−0.293	0.372	0.327	0.295	0.657
	物种丰富度指数	0.070	−0.212	−0.082	0.460	0.172	−0.251	0.680
	均匀度指数	0.692	−0.651	0.259	−0.389	−0.307	−0.250	−0.449
	香农−威纳多样性指数	0.310	−0.498	0.155	0.031	−0.101	−0.161	0.345
	优势度指数	0.658	−0.713	0.080	−0.248	−0.185	−0.195	−0.286
注：代表差异显著（p<0.05）；*代表差异极显著（p<0.01）。

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