Gonadal development of the sea cucumber Acaudina molpadioides in north coast of Fujian
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摘要: 海地瓜（Acaudina molpadioides）是一种低值海参，本研究运用组织学和形态学方法对福建北部海域海地瓜的性腺发育特征及其周年变化进行了研究，并进一步探究了性别比、生殖周期、精卵排放类型、繁殖季节等繁殖生物学相关内容。结果表明，雌、雄海地瓜的性腺发育均可划分为休止期 (I)、发育早期 (II)、增长期 (III)、成熟期 (IV)、部分排放期 (V) 和排空期 (VI)，雌、雄性腺发育程度基本同步。海地瓜性腺发育有明显的周年变化规律：大多数海地瓜在5月性成熟后开始陆续排放配子，配子排放过程中伴随着生殖管的自体破坏然后重生，即性腺开始新一轮发育，新的生殖细胞在11月开始生成并逐步发育直至翌年5月成熟。海地瓜性别比接近1∶1，生殖周期为1年，繁殖期为5−8月（夏季），属于多次排精卵类型。Abstract: Acaudina molpadioides is a low-value sea cucumber. We studied the characteristics and annual variation of gonadal development of A. molpadioides in north coast of Fujian based on histological and morphological observation. We continued to explore its gender ratio, reproductive cycle, spawning pattern and reproductive season. Results showed that the testis and ovary development of A. molpadioides could be divided into six stages: resting stage (I), early developmental stage (II), growing stage (III), mature stage (IV), partly spawned stage (V) and spent stage (VI). The gonadal development of A. molpadioides in males and females were basically synchronous, and it followed an obvious annual development rule. The majority of gonads matured in May. Subsequently, gametes were being released meanwhile with tubules destruction. Then new tubules grew up, which meant the gonad started a new cycle. The gametogenesis initiated in November, and gametes gradually developed till matured in next May. A. molpadioides had a gender ratio close to 1∶1 and an annual reproductive cycle. Its reproductive season was from May to August (summer), when it spawned several times.
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Key words:
- Acaudina molpadioides /
- gonadal development /
- annual variation /
- reproductive season
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图 2 海地瓜的性腺
a. 分枝状的生殖管；b. 成熟精巢；c. 成熟卵巢
Fig. 2 Gonad of A. molpadioides
a. Branched tubule；b. mature testis；c. mature ovary
图 3 海地瓜精巢不同发育阶段的组织结构特征
a. 休止期（I）；b, c. 发育早期（II）；d, e. 增长期（III）；f, g. 成熟期（IV）；h. 部分排放期（V）；i. 排空期（VI）；TW. 生殖管壁；SG. 精原细胞；SC. 精母细胞；SZ. 成熟精子；RS. 残留精子
Fig. 3 Histological features of A. molpadioides testis at different stages
a. Resting stage (I)；b,c. early developmental stage (II)；d,e. growing stage (III)；f,g. mature stage (IV)；h. partly spawned stage (V)；i. spent stage (VI)；TW. tubule wall；SG. spermatogonium；SC. spermatocyte；SZ. mature spermatozoa；RS. residual spermatozoa
图 4 海地瓜卵巢不同发育阶段的组织结构特征
a. 休止期（I）；b. 发育早期（er）；c. 增长期（III）；d. 成熟期（IV）；e. 部分排放期（V）；f. 排空期（VI）；O. 卵原细胞；PVO. 卵黄发生前卵母细胞；VO. 卵黄发生期卵母细胞；MO. 成熟卵细胞；RO. 残留卵母细胞；PH. 吞噬细胞
Fig. 4 Histological features of A. molpadioides ovary at different stages
a. Resting stage (I)；b. early developmental stage (Ⅱ)；c. growing stage (III)；d. mature stage (IV)；e. partly spawned stage (V)；f. spent stage (VI)；O. oogonia；PVO. previtellogenic oocyte；VO. vitellogenic oocyte；MO. mature ootid；RO. residual oocyte；PH. phagocyte
图 5 海地瓜精巢（a）和卵巢（b）发育的周年变化
Fig. 5 Annual variation of testis (a) and ovary (b) development in A. molpadioides
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