Characteristics of phosphorus speciation and distribution in suspended particulate matter in the Zhejiang coastal area
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摘要: 磷元素是海洋基础营养盐之一，其赋存形态及分布直接影响海区的初级生产力，是海洋生物地球化学循环的重要驱动力。但大河河口与近海等重要的水生关键带水动力循环过程复杂，导致悬浮颗粒物(SPM )中磷元素的赋存形态和分布特征变化多端，亟须深入研究。根据2016年春季(4−5月)、夏季(7月)和秋季(9−10月)对浙江近岸海域的调查结果，本研究分析了浙江近岸海域SPM中总磷(TPP)、无机磷(PIP)和有机磷(POP)的含量水平、空间分布特征和影响因素。结果表明，浙江近岸海域SPM中TPP含量范围为0.13～66.13 μmol/L，均值为3.35 μmol/L；PIP含量范围为0.03～34.19 μmol/L，均值为1.97 μmol/L；POP含量范围为0.06～31.94 μmol/L，均值为1.39 μmol/L。PIP是浙江近岸海域水体中TPP的主要存在形式，占52.3%。春季浙江近岸海域表层TPP含量占总磷(TP)含量的19.3%～97.7%。春、秋季的SPM中，TPP、PIP和POP含量空间分布相似，均呈现由内湾向外海逐渐降低的变化趋势。PIP、POP与SPM呈显著的正相关性，表现出高SPM含量的海区有着较高的颗粒态磷含量，说明其受陆源输入的影响。春季盐度大于28且SPM含量小于20 mg/L的外侧远海海域，POP与Chl a的相关系数和斜率均明显高于PIP与Chl a的相关系数和斜率，说明该区域浮游植物是POP的主要贡献来源。Abstract: Speciation and distribution of phosphorus have a direct effect on the primary production and marine biogeochemistry. However, the complex current dynamics in aquatic critical zones such as large river delta and coastal area result in variable characteristics of the phosphorus speciation and distribution that need in depth study. The content, distribution and influence factors of total particulate phosphorus (TPP), particulate inorganic phosphorus (PIP) and particulate organic phosphorus (POP) in the suspended particulate matter (SPM) in the Zhejiang coastal area off Changjiang Estuary were discussed based on the investigation from April to May (spring), July (summer) and September to October (autumn) in 2016. The results showed that the content ranged from 0.13 μmol/L to 66.13 μmol/L, with an average of 3.35 μmol/L for TPP, from 0.03 μmol/L to 34.19 μmol/L with an average of 1.97 μmol/L for PIP, and ranged from 0.06 μmol/L to 31.94 μmol/L with an average of 1.39 μmol/L for POP. PIP was the dominant (52.3%) form of particulate phosphorus in the Zhejiang coastal areas. The percentage of TPP in total phosphorus ranged from 19.3% to 97.7% in spring for surface samples. The spatial distribution patterns of TPP, PIP and POP contents were similar in spring and autumn, decreasing from the inner bay to offshore areas. The content of TPP was higher in areas where the SPM was higher while PIP and POP showed a positive correlation with SPM, indicating an influence from terrestrial input. The regression coefficient and slope between POP and chlorophyll a were significantly higher than that of PIP in the area with salinity above 28 and SPM below 20 mg/L in spring, indicating contributions from phytoplankton to POP accumulation.
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图 1 浙江近岸海域采样站位分布
Fig. 1 Distribution of sampling stations of the Zhejiang coastal area
图 4 浙江近岸海域春季SPM中TPP、PIP和POP空间分布
Fig. 4 Spatial distribution of TPP, PIP and POP in spring in the Zhejiang coastal area
图 5 浙江近岸海域夏季SPM中TPP、PIP和POP空间分布
Fig. 5 Spatial distribution of TPP, PIP and POP in summer in the Zhejiang coastal area
图 6 浙江近岸海域秋季SPM中TPP、PIP和POP空间分布
Fig. 6 Spatial distribution of TPP, PIP and POP in autumn in the Zhejiang coastal area
图 8 浙江近岸海域春季表层TDP (a) 和DOP (b) 空间分布特征
Fig. 8 Spatial distribution of TDP (a) and DOP (b) in spring in the Zhejiang coastal area
图 9 浙江近岸表层（a）、底层（b）海域PIP、POP与SPM关系
Fig. 9 Correlation between PIP, POP and SPM in surface (a) and bottom layers (b) of the Zhejiang coastal area
图 10 浙江近岸海域春季（a）、秋季（b）表层Chl a与POP和PIP关系
Fig. 10 Correlation between Chl a and POP, PIP at surface layer in the Zhejiang coastal area in spring (a), and autumn (b)
图 11 浙江近岸海域春季表层TPP在TP中所占比例与盐度的关系
Fig. 11 Correlation between proportion of TPP in TP and salinity at surface layer in spring in the Zhejiang coastal area
图 12 浙江近岸表层（a）、底层（b）海域磷的赋存形态与环境因子的PCA分析图
Fig. 12 PCA of phosphorus speciation and environmental parameters in surface (a) and bottom (b) layers of the Zhejiang coastal area
表 1 浙江近岸海域TPP中不同形态磷的体积含量水平和相对含量
Tab. 1 Content and proportion of PIP and POP in TPP in the Zhejiang coastal area
季节 层次 PIP含量/(μmol·L−1) PIP/TPP（%） POP含量/(μmol·L−1) POP/TPP（%） TPP含量/(μmol·L−1) 测量范围 均值 范围 均值 测量范围 均值 范围 均值 测量范围 均值 春季 表层 0.03～12.21 2.19 29.1～64.2 53.5 0.06～12.40 1.58 35.8～70.9 46.5 0.13～24.61 3.77 10 m层 0.07～7.32 0.87 34.1～63.2 48.8 0.06～4.29 0.58 36.8～65.9 51.2 0.13～11.61 1.45 底层 0.10～34.19 5.13 46.1～68.7 58.1 0.06～31.94 3.55 31.3～53.9 41.9 0.16～66.13 8.68 全部 0.03～34.19 3.22 29.1～68.7 54.7 0.06～31.94 2.26 31.3～70.9 45.3 0.13～66.13 5.45 夏季 表层 0.07～5.23 0.58 19.0～66.6 48.7 0.10～3.94 0.48 33.4～81.0 51.3 0.16～9.16 1.06 10 m层 0.03～1.29 0.26 30.4～60.3 45.0 0.06～0.84 0.23 40.0～69.6 55.0 0.13～2.16 0.48 底层 0.07～8.52 1.32 43.0～72.6 56.2 0.10～5.35 0.84 27.4～57.0 43.8 0.16～13.87 2.16 全部 0.03～8.52 0.84 19.0～72.6 51.1 0.06～5.35 0.58 27.4～81.0 48.9 0.13～13.87 1.42 秋季 表层 0.03～11.61 1.42 30.8～69.0 50.5 0.10～7.52 1.00 31.0～69.2 49.5 0.13～19.13 2.42 10 m层 0.07～1.00 0.23 31.3～63.2 43.3 0.06～0.68 0.23 36.8～68.7 56.7 0.13～1.61 0.45 底层 0.07～18.26 2.84 26.5～64.7 54.1 0.10～17.06 2.10 35.3～73.5 45.9 0.19～35.48 4.90 全部 0.03～18.26 1.81 26.5～69.0 50.9 0.06～17.06 1.32 31.0～73.5 49.1 0.13～35.48 3.13 总计 表层 0.03～12.21 1.39 19.0～69.0 50.8 0.06～12.40 1.00 31.0～81.0 49.2 0.13～24.61 2.39 10 m层 0.03～7.32 0.45 30.4～63.2 45.8 0.06～4.29 0.35 36.8～69.6 54.2 0.13～11.61 0.81 底层 0.07～34.19 3.16 26.5～72.6 56.2 0.06～31.94 2.19 27.4～73.5 43.8 0.16～66.13 5.35 全部 0.03～34.19 1.97 19.0～72.6 52.3 0.06～31.94 1.39 27.4～81.0 47.7 0.13～66.13 3.35 
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表 2 浙江近岸海域PIP、POP 和TPP含量与其他海域的比较
Tab. 2 Comparison of PIP, POP and TPP contents in the Zhejiang coastal area and other waters
区域 时间 PIP含量/(μmol·L−1) POP含量/(μmol·L−1) TPP含量/(μmol·L−1) 参考文献 淡水河 − − − 0.28～9.47 [25] 比斯开湾 − − 0.02～0.08 − [26] 东京湾 − − − 1.03～2.18 [27] 九龙河口 − − − 0.35～1.45 [28] 北太平洋 春季 − 0.17 − [29] 夏季 − 0.16 − [29] 秋季 − 0.20 − [29] 冬季 − 0.16 − [29] 南太平洋 1995−1996年 0.01 0.03 0.01～0.03 [30] 万泉河口 2006年12月 0.22～0.57（0.42） 0.23～0.53（0.33） − [31] 2007年8月 0.07～0.78（0.47） 0.14～0.50（0.29） − [31] 2008年8月 0.06～1.00（0.42） 0.10～1.22（0.47） − [31] 2009年4月 0.06～1.74（0.82） 0.10～1.83（0.73） − [31] 2009年8月 0.06～1.27（0.40） 0.06～0.87（0.38） − [31] 胶州湾 0.01～1.49（0.33） 0.01～1.83（0.32） 0.07～2.09（0.65） [32] 长江口跨锋面区 2006年7−8月 0.01～27.16 0.04～12.38 0.06～39.54 [12] 2006年12月−2007年2月 0.03～10.31 0.03～3.69 0.08～11.55 [12] 2007年4−5月 0.02～5.58 0.03～3.23 0.05～8.69 [12] 2007年10−12月 0.02～17.77 0.05～3.69 0.08～26.31 [12] 浙江近岸海域 2016年4−5月 0.03～36.13（3.48） 0.06～31.94（2.45） 0.13～66.13（5.90） 本研究 2016年7月 0.03～8.52（0.84） 0.065～5.35（0.58） 0.13～13.87（1.42） 本研究 2016年9−10月 0.03～18.26（1.81） 0.06～17.06（1.32） 0.13～35.48（3.13） 本研究 注：−为文中未提及，括号内为均值。
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表 3 浙江近岸海域PIP、POP含量与盐度间的相关系数（r）
Tab. 3 Correlation coefficients (r) between PIP, POP contents and salinity in the Zhejiang coastal area
季节 层次 r(PIP含量与盐度) r(POP含量与盐度) 春季 表层 −0.61 −0.63 底层 −0.83 −0.80 夏季 表层 −0.40 −0.44 底层 −0.60 −0.60 秋季 表层 −0.59 −0.57 底层 −0.66 −0.67 注：显著性水平p<0.05。
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