Provenance systems and their control on the deep-water gravity flow deposition of the Member 2 of Neogene Yinggehai Formation, Qiongdongnan Basin
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摘要: 近年来在琼东南盆地超深水区莺歌海组发现了多个深水气藏，展现了广阔的勘探前景。但随着油气勘探进一步推进，关于莺二段的储层物性问题日益凸显，严重制约了下一步的勘探进程。本文研究基于前人总结的区域地质资料，结合岩芯、测井和三维地震等资料，建立了莺二段三级层序格架，综合分析了层序格架内物源体系及其控制下的重力流沉积特征。研究表明，重力流沉积体系主要发育在莺二段下、中层序，具有南、北、轴向三大物源体系。不同物源体系控制了重力流储集体的空间展布和沉积特征：(1)南物源控制的海底峡谷充填深海泥岩，而北物源控制的海底峡谷充填的厚层浊积水道砂岩，孔渗物性好，是良好的储集层；(2)轴向物源影响的溢岸漫滩沉积，由于物性条件好，可以作为良好的油气储层；(3)南物源控制海底扇砂岩的厚度薄、粒度细、泥质含量较高，而北物源和轴向物源供应的海底峡谷和海底扇朵体的砂体面积广、厚度大、粒度粗、物性好，是深水区莺二段最重要的优质产气储层。Abstract: In recent years, several deep-water gas fields of Yinggehai Formation have been discovered in ultra-deep water area of Qiongdongnan Basin, showing a broad exploration prospect. However, the reservoir physical property prediction of the Member 2 of Neogene Yinggehai Formation have become increasingly prominent which seriously restricts the further exploration of oil and gas. Based on the regional geological data summarized by predecessors, combined with core, logging and three-dimensional seismic data, the third-order sequence framework of the Member 2 of Neogene Yinggehai Formation is established, and the provenance systems in the sequence framework and the sedimentary characteristics of gravity flow under its control are comprehensively analyzed. The results show that gravity flow sedimentary system mainly developed in Ⅱ2-ygh2c and Ⅱ2-ygh2b, and include three major provenance systems which are the south, the north and the axis. Different rovenance systems control the spatial distribution and sedimentary characteristics of gravity flow reservoirs. (1)The submarine canyons controlled by the south provenance are mainly filled by abyssal mudstone, while the canyons controlled by the north provenance are mainly filled with thick turbidite channel sandstone with fine porosity and permeability, which is a good reservoir. (2) The flood plain deposit affected by axial provenance can also be a good oil and gas reservoir because of its good physical properties. (3) The submarine fans controlled by the south provenance is characterized by thin sandstone with fine grain size and high argillaceous content. While the submarine canyons and fans controlled by the north and the axis provenance formed large scale sandstone with big thickness, coarse grain size and good reservoir physical properties, which are the most important high-quality gas-producing reservoirs of deep water area.
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图 3 莺二段地层连井对比
Fig. 3 Stratum comparison of well profiles of the Member 2 of Yinggehai Formation
图 4 莺歌海组沉积时期古地貌特征
Fig. 4 Palaeogeomorphological characteristics of the Yinggehai Formation
图 7 莺二段重力流沉积体系空间展布特征
Fig. 7 Spatial distribution characteristics of gravity flow sedimentary system of the Member 2 of Yinggehai Formation
图 8 莺歌海组砂体镂空显示叠加古地貌
Fig. 8 Superposition of paleogeomorphological and hallowed out sandbodies of the Yinggehai Formation
表 2 乐东−陵水凹陷钻井莺二段重矿物统计（%）
Tab. 2 Heavy mineral statistics of the Yinggehai Formation from wells of the Qiongdongnan Basins（%）
井名 层段 锆石 电气石 石榴石 绿帘石 磁铁矿 赤褐铁矿 白钛矿 绿泥石 角闪石 榍石 金红石 十字石 锐钛矿 板钛矿 辉石 独居石 Y1 莺二段下
(T29−T30)13.2 6.1 22.3 − 1.6 3.2 44.3 0.9 − − 2.3 − 2.7 − − 0.2 L1 3.5 1.5 3.4 0.2 − 86.9 4.1 − 0.1 − 0.1 − 0.2 − − − L3 莺二段中
(T28−T29)7.9 6.1 2.9 2.0 5.5 57.4 16.6 − 0.3 0.3 − 0.6 − − 0.1 0.3 L4 2.9 1.9 2.0 1.2 − 52.6 38.8 0.1 − − 0.1 0.5 − − − − Y1 11.2 5.2 0.3 − 8.2 17.6 36.2 − − − 2.7 − 3.6 0.3 − 0.3 L2 9.1 3.8 1.8 − 22.0 22.3 38.5 − − − 0.3 0.1 1.3 − − 0.6 S1 0.9 − − − 4.5 77.5 3.6 0.9 − − 0.0 − 0.0 − 12.6 − 注：−代表实验过程中未检测到相关数据。 
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