北极东西伯利亚陆架沉积物物源：来自黏土矿物和化学元素的证据

李秋玲; 乔淑卿; 石学法; 胡利民; 陈禹飞; 白亚之; 朱爱美; 崔菁菁

doi:10.12284/hyxb2021041

北极东西伯利亚陆架沉积物物源：来自黏土矿物和化学元素的证据

doi: 10.12284/hyxb2021041

李秋玲^1,,
乔淑卿^{1, 2},
石学法^{1, 2, ,},
胡利民^{1, 2},
陈禹飞^{1, 3},
白亚之¹,
朱爱美¹,
崔菁菁¹

1.
自然资源部第一海洋研究所自然资源部海洋地质与成矿作用重点实验室，山东青岛 266061
2.
青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室海洋地质过程与环境功能实验室，山东青岛 266237
3.
南京大学海岸与海岛开发教育部重点实验室，江苏南京 210023

基金项目: 山东省重大科技创新工程专项（2018SDK0104-3）；国家自然科学基金（U1606401，41722603）；自然资源部全球变化与海气相互作用专项（GASI-GEOGE-03）

详细信息

作者简介:
李秋玲（1995—），女，云南省曲靖市人，主要从事海洋沉积学研究。E-mail：geolql@163.com

通讯作者:
石学法（1965—），男，山东省昌邑市人，主要从事海洋沉积学研究。E-mail：xfshi@fio.org.cn

中图分类号: P736.4
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-12-26
- 修回日期: 2020-03-04
- 网络出版日期: 2021-01-08
- 刊出日期: 2021-04-23

Sediment provenance of the East Siberian Arctic Shelf: Evidence from clay minerals and chemical elements

Li Qiuling^1
,,
Qiao Shuqing^{1, 2},
Shi Xuefa^{1, 2
, ,},
Hu Limin^{1, 2},
Chen Yufei^{1, 3},
Bai Yazhi¹,
Zhu Aimei¹,
Cui Jingjing¹

1.
Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Metallogeny, First Institude of Oceanoraphy, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
2.
Laboratory for Marine Geology and Environment, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
3.
Key Laboratory of Coast and Island Development, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China

摘要

摘要: 本文对北极东西伯利亚陆架表层沉积物进行了粒度、黏土矿物以及常微量元素测定，阐述了粒度、黏土矿物和常微量元素的分布特征。利用因子分析与聚类分析划分了不同的沉积区，并探讨了各区沉积物的主要来源。结果表明，研究区可以划分为4个沉积区：(1)东西伯利亚海近岸河口区(Ⅰ区)，沉积物以粉砂和砂质粉砂为主，TiO₂、Zr、SiO₂含量较高，其他元素在该区都处于低值，La/Th与Zr/Hf比值在4个沉积区中为最大值，黏土矿物中伊利石含量占绝对优势，约为70%，该区受到河流与海岸侵蚀物质输入的强烈影响；(2)东西伯利亚海中部(Ⅱ区)，沉积物以粉砂和泥为主，MnO、Ba与Ni等元素在该区含量较高，黏土矿物组合与Ⅰ区类似，La/Th和Zr/Hf比值比Ⅰ区略低，该区沉积物以河流输入的细粒沉积物为主，受海冰等过程的影响发生了混合，随着离岸距离的增加，海洋自生组分开始增多；(3)东西伯利亚海北部深水区(Ⅲ区)，沉积物以泥为主，Al₂O₃、K₂O、V、Li等在该区达到最大值，La/Th和Rb/Th比值与Ⅱ区极其类似，伊利石含量在该区为最低值，蒙皂石与高岭石含量在该区达到最大值(>10%)，该区细粒沉积物很可能受大西洋水体以及波弗特环流的影响；(4)楚科奇海(Ⅳ区)，该区沉积物主要由粉砂和砂质粉砂组成，CaO、P₂O₅等在该区含量较高，Rb/Th、La/Th与Zr/Hf均为4个沉积区的最小值，绿泥石在该区最为富集，该区沉积物受太平洋入流水的影响强烈。
- 沉积物物源 /
- 黏土矿物 /
- 常微量元素 /
- 东西伯利亚海 /
- 楚科奇海
Abstract: Grain size, clay minerals and major and trace elements of surface sediment samples collected from the East Siberian Arctic Shelf are analyzed. Based on factor analysis and cluster analysis the study area is divided into four provinces, the main sediment sources of each province are discussed. The results show that province I covers the estuary area of the Kolyma River and the Indigirka River. The sediments are mainly composed of silt and sandy silt, and characterized by higher content of SiO₂, TiO₂, Zr and low content of other elements. The ratios of La/Th and Zr/Hf reach the maximum in the four sedimentary areas. Illite is dominant which accounting for 70% of the whole clay minerals. This area is strongly influenced by terrestrial sources from the Kolyma River and the Indigirka River. Province II is located in the middle of the East Siberian Sea, where the sediments are generally silt and mud. The content of MnO, Ba, and Ni are relatively higher. La/Th and Zr/Hf ratio are slightly lower than that in Province I. Clay minerals composition is similar to Province I. The sediments in this area are mainly fine-grained derived by rivers, which are also influenced by sea ice process. As the distance increasing offshore, the content of marine authigenic components begin to increase. Province III is located in the northern East Siberian Sea, and sediments there are mainly mud. Elements such as Al₂O₃, K₂O, V, Li reach the maximum value in this area. The La/Th and Rb/Th ratios are similar to those in the Province II. The content of illite is the lowest, semctite and kaolinite reach the maximum (>10%). Fine-grained sediments in this area are probably influenced by Atlantic waters and the Beaufort Gyre. Province IV is located in Chukchi Sea where the sediments consist of silt and sandy silt. Elements are characterized by higher contents of CaO, P₂O₅. The ratios of Rb/Th, La/Th and Zr/Hf are the minimum values, the content of chlorite reach peak (>20%). Sediments in this area are significantly influenced by the Pacific inflow water.
- sediment source /
- clay mineral /
- major and trace elements /
- East Siberian Sea /
- Chukchi Sea

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图 1 北极东西伯利亚陆架概况及取样站位分布（环流模式根据文献[1, 23]绘制）

Fig. 1 Environment setting of the East Siberian Arctic Shelf and sampling locations (circumfluence modified from references [1, 23])

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图 2 北极东西伯利亚陆架表层沉积物典型黏土矿物X射线衍射图谱

Fig. 2 X-Ray diffractograms of clay minerals in the surface sediments of the East Siberian Arctic Shelf

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图 3 北极东西伯利亚陆架表层沉积物粒度特征

Fig. 3 Grain size characteristics of surface sediments in the East Siberian Arctic Shelf

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图 4 北极东西伯利亚陆架表层沉积物黏土矿物分布特征

Fig. 4 Distribution of clay minerals in the surface sediments of the East Siberian Arctic Shelf

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图 5 北极东西伯利亚陆架表层沉积物典型常微量元素分布特征

Fig. 5 Distribution of typical elements in the surface sediments of the East Siberian Arctic Shelf

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图 6 Q型聚类分析树状图（a）和分区图（b），1922−2012年年均海表盐度分布（c）

图b中黄色曲线为1980−2010年夏季最小冰缘线，数据来源于www.meereisportal.de；图c数据来源于http://odv.awi.de

Fig. 6 Dendrogram of Q-mode cluster analysis (a), and provinces of the East Siberian Arctic Shelf according to the Q-mode cluster analysis (b), and annual average sea surface salinity distribution from 1922 to 2012 (c)

The yellow curve in fig.b is the summer minimum sea-ice line from 1980 to 2010, data source: www.meereisportal.de; data source of fig.c: http://odv.awi.de

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图 7 伊利石−蒙皂石−高岭石+绿泥石三组分图解

勒拿河、马更些河、育空河与科雷马河−因迪吉尔卡河三角洲黏土矿物数据分别来自文献[44]、[49]、[11]、[50]；波弗特海、拉普捷夫海和白令海数据来自文献[42, 45, 51]

Fig. 7 Ternary diagram of clay minerals

Clay minerals data of the Lena River, Mackenzie River, Yukon River and Kolyma-Indigirka River Delta are obtained from references [44]、[49]、[11]、[50]; clay minerals data of the Beaufort Sea, Laptev Sea and Bering Sea are obtained from references [42, 45, 51]

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图 8 Rb/Th-La/Th比值（a）和Zr/Hf-La/Th比值（b）散点图

勒拿河与亚纳河数据来自于文献[52]，西伯利亚高原火山岩与鄂霍次克−楚科奇火山带数据来自于http://georoc.mpch-mainz.gwdg.de/georoc/Entry.html

Fig. 8 Scatter plot of Rb/Th-La/Th (a) and Zr/Hf-La/Th (b) ratio

Data of Lena River and Yana River are obtained from reference [52]; data of Siberian Platform volcanic rocks and Okhotsk–Chukotka volcanogenic belt are obtained from http://georoc.mpch-mainz.gwdg.de/georoc/Entry.html

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表 1 北极东西伯利亚陆架周边主要河流特征^[28]

Tab. 1 Main rivers’ features around the East Siberian Arctic Shelf ^[28]

河流	流域面积/（10³ km²）	年径流量/km³	年输沙量/(10⁶t)
河流	流域面积/（10³ km²）	年径流量/km³	年输沙量/(10⁶t)	勒拿河	2 448	532	20.7
亚纳河	225	31.9	4.0
因迪吉尔卡河	360	54.2	11.1
科雷马河	647	122	10.1

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表 2 北极东西伯利亚陆架表层沉积物黏土矿物相对含量

Tab. 2 Relative content of clay minerals in the surface sediments of the East Siberian Arctic Shelf

黏土矿物	蒙皂石/%	伊利石/%	高岭石/%	绿泥石/%
最小值	0	56	3	14
最大值	17	76	17	26
平均值	6	68	6	20

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表 3 东西伯利亚陆架表层沉积物常微量元素含量

Tab. 3 Content of major and trace elements in the surface sediments of the East Siberian Arctic Shelf

常量元素含量/%	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	CaO	TFe₂O₃	K₂O	MgO	MnO	Na₂O	P₂O₅	TiO₂
最小值	52.70	8.69	0.69	2.15	1.69	0.75	0.03	2.73	0.10	0.48
最大值	77.02	16.12	3.91	8.62	3.09	2.77	1.52	5.12	0.48	0.82
平均值	64.01	12.79	1.17	5.27	2.59	1.76	0.27	3.51	0.23	0.69
标准差	5.35	2.01	0.65	1.40	0.36	0.49	0.35	0.51	0.06	0.08

微量元素/(μg·g⁻¹）	Ba	Sr	V	Zn	Zr	Li	Cr	Ni	Rb	La
最小值	516	139	54	34	105	18	37	10	59	21
最大值	731	233	248	161	659	62	96	86	123	48
平均值	603	178	130	92	217	42	68	32	94	34
标准差	47	22	42	27	107	12	12	17	17	6

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表 4 各沉积区内平均水深、粒径、黏土矿物含量以及因子得分统计

Tab. 4 Mean water depth, grain size, clay minerals content and factor score of elements in each province

	Ⅰ区	Ⅱ区	Ⅲ区	Ⅳ区
水深/m	16	74	1375	49
平均粒径（Φ）	5.80	6.91	7.47	6.41
蒙皂石/%	7	6	12	4
伊利石/%	70	69	60	65
高岭石/%	5	5	13	6
绿泥石/%	19	19	15	25
F1	−0.83	0.46	1.59	−0.44
F2	0.79	−0.16	−0.06	−1.03
F3	−0.31	−0.12	−0.59	1.19
F4	−0.16	0.31	−0.02	−0.52
F5	0.10	−0.61	1.89	0.47

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