Effect of salinity stress on the antioxidant enzymes, non-specific immune enzymes, and Na+/K+-ATPase activities in Larimichthys polyactis
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摘要: 为了研究不同盐度对小黄鱼生理的影响，以人工养殖的4月龄小黄鱼(体质量为(12.6 ±3.1)g)为实验对象，将在自然海水(对照组盐度为22.1)中养殖的小黄鱼转入到盐度为5(低盐组)和34.5(高盐组)的海水中进行急性盐度胁迫处理10 d，测定并分析肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)和酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活力以及鳃和肾脏中的Na+/K+-ATP酶活力的变化情况。结果显示，在急性盐度胁迫下，小黄鱼肝脏抗氧化酶(SOD和CAT)活力均上升，其中，低盐组的SOD和高盐组的CAT活力均显著高于对照组(p<0.05)；在不同盐度条件下，AKP和ACP表现出相反的变化趋势，即AKP活力随着盐度上升不断增强，而ACP活力则逐渐降低；鳃中Na+/K+-ATP酶活力在低盐组最低，而肾脏中高盐组的活力显著高于对照组(p<0.05)。上述研究结果表明，小黄鱼幼鱼在盐度下降到5时仍可正常存活；不同盐度胁迫可导致小黄鱼肝脏中的非特异性免疫酶以及鳃和肾脏中的Na+/K+-ATP酶活性发生显著变化，表明小黄鱼在适应盐度变化过程中肝脏、鳃和肾脏均发挥着一定的调节作用。研究结果对小黄鱼在高盐或者咸淡水区域养殖提供了一定参考作用。
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关键词:
- 盐度胁迫 /
- 小黄鱼 /
- 非特异性免疫酶 /
- Na+/K+-ATP酶
Abstract: In order to study the physiological effects of different salinity stress on Larimichthys polyactis, the four-month-old L. polyactis (body weight (12.6±3.1) g) cultured in natural seawater with salinity of 22.1 were applied to salinity stress in seawater salinity of 5 (called as low-salinity group) and 34.5 (called as high-salinity group), and natural seawater was used as a control group. After 10 days of acute salinity stress experimental treatment, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and acid phosphatase (ACP) in the liver and Na+/K+-ATPase in gills and kidneys were measured and analyzed. The results showed that under acute salinity stress, the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT) in the liver were increased. Among them, the activities of SOD in the low-salinity group and CAT in the high-salinity group were significantly higher than those in the control group (p<0.05). Under different salinity conditions, AKP and ACP showed an opposite trend of change, i.e. AKP activity gradually increased with increasing salinity, while ACP activity gradually decreased. Additionally, Na+/K+-ATPase activity in gills was the lowest in the low salinity group, and the activity of which in the kidney in the high salinity group was significantly higher than that of the control group (p<0.05). The above research results indicate that juveniles of L. polyactis can still survive normally when the salinity drops to 5, without obvious abnormality. And different salinity stress can significantly affect the non-specific immune enzymes activities of the liver, and the Na+/K+-ATPase activity of the gills and kidneys in L. polyactis. In other word, the tissues of liver, gill and kidney play an important role during the process of L. polyactis adapting to changes in salinity. The research results also provide a reference for the cultivation of L. polyactis in high-saline or brackish water areas.-
Key words:
- salinity stress /
- Larimichthys polyactis /
- non-specific immune enzyme /
- Na+/K+-ATPase
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图 1 不同盐度胁迫下小黄鱼肝脏组织抗氧化酶活力
无相同字母表示各组间有显著性差异（p<0.05）
Fig. 1 Antioxidant enzyme activity in liver of L. polyactis under different salinity stress
No identical letters indicate significant differences among groups (p<0.05)
图 2 不同盐度胁迫下小黄鱼肝脏组织磷酸酶活力
无相同字母表示各组间有显著性差异（p<0.05）
Fig. 2 Phosphatase activity in liver of L. polyactis under different salinity stress
No identical letters indicate significant differences among groups (p<0.05)
图 3 不同盐度胁迫下小黄鱼鳃和肾脏组织Na+/K+-ATP酶活力
无相同字母表示各组间有显著性差异（p<0.05）
Fig. 3 Na+/K+-ATPase activity in gill and kidney of L. polyactis under different salinity stress
No identical letters indicate significant differences among groups (p<0.05)
表 1 不同盐度胁迫下小黄鱼的存活情况
Tab. 1 Survival of L. polyactis under different salinity stress
盐度 出现死亡时间/h 24 h存活率/% 10 d存活率/% 3.9 24 71.0±2.57 0 5.0 − 100 100 22.1 − 100 100 34.5 12 91.0±2.35 85.0±2.04 36.0 6 37.5±1.87 0 37.0 5 25.0±2.35 0 38.0 3 12.5±2.47 0 39.0 3 12.5±1.17 0 40.0 1.5 10.0±2.11 0 41.6 1 0 0 43.5 1 0 0 45.0 1 0 0 注：−表示未出现死亡。 
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