长江口中华鲟保护区海洋环境监测浮标站点的优化设计

潘邵媛; 王学昉; 田思泉; 童剑锋; 高春霞; 赵静; 韩东燕

doi:10.12284/hyxb2021034

长江口中华鲟保护区海洋环境监测浮标站点的优化设计

doi: 10.12284/hyxb2021034

潘邵媛^1,,
王学昉^{1, 2, 3, 4, 5},
田思泉^{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ,},
童剑锋^{1, 2, 3, 4, 5},
高春霞^{1, 2, 3, 4, 5},
赵静^{1, 2, 3, 4, 5},
韩东燕^{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

1.
上海海洋大学海洋科学学院，上海 201306
2.
国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心，上海 201306
3.
大洋渔业资源可持续开发教育部重点实验室，上海 201306
4.
农业部大洋渔业开发重点实验室，上海 201306
5.
农业部大洋渔业资源环境科学观测实验站，上海 201306

基金项目: 上海市科委地方能力建设项目（18050502000）；上海市长江口海域国家级海洋牧场建设项目（NY2017002）；上海市长江口中华鲟资源调查和保护项目（NY2018001）。

详细信息

作者简介:
潘邵媛（1995-），女，江苏省扬州市人，研究方向为海洋生态学。E-mail：pppsy@qq.com

通讯作者:
田思泉（1978-），男，安徽省无为市人，教授，研究方向为海洋渔业资源调查监测等。E-mail：sqtian@shou.edu.cn

中图分类号: X835；S932.9
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-06-20
- 修回日期: 2020-10-10
- 网络出版日期: 2021-01-23
- 刊出日期: 2021-04-01

The design of the stations of marine environmental monitoring buoys in the Chinese sturgeon nature reserve in the Changjiang River Estuary

Pan Shaoyuan^1
,,
Wang Xuefang^{1, 2, 3, 4, 5},
Tian Siquan^{1, 2, 3, 4, 5
, ,},
Tong Jianfeng^{1, 2, 3, 4, 5},
Gao Chunxia^{1, 2, 3, 4, 5},
Zhao Jing^{1, 2, 3, 4, 5},
Han Dongyan^{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

1.
College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
2.
National Distant-water Fisheries Engineering Research Center, Shanghai 201306, China
3.
Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, China
4.
Key Laboratory of Oceanic Fisheries Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China
5.
Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Oceanic Fishery Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China

摘要

摘要: 长江口是众多洄游性鱼类重要的栖息场所，其复杂的环境条件影响着该水域水生生物的生长和繁殖过程。海洋环境监测浮标能够对诸多环境要素进行长期、连续、实时和大范围的监测，是现代海洋环境自动观测系统中的重要组成部分。为在长江口中华鲟自然保护区及其邻近水域组建合理有效的浮标监测网络，本研究基于海上实测调查数据，使用普通克里金法模拟了多种环境要素的空间分布，在此基础上比较了分层随机采样设计中不同分层方案和站点数量变化对监测效果的影响，结果显示：(1)盐度要素在层数为3的分层随机采样方法中采样精度更高，水温、溶解氧和化学需氧量要素在层数为2的采样设计中采样效果更好；(2)站点数越多，相对误差越集中并趋向于0，并当站点数多于30时，采样估测准确性逐渐趋于稳定；(3)各季节中，秋季盐度要素中层数为2的采样准确性更高；与其他3季以及总体相对误差结果相比，冬季化学需氧量要素的采样效果比其他3个季节要差。在今后长江口中华鲟自然保护区水域组建环境监测浮标网络时，建议采用3层的分层随机采样作为盐度监测的分层标准，且站点数量要大于50个；使用2层的分层随机采样作为其他多种水文环境要素监测的分层标准，且站点数量要大于30个。
- 长江口 /
- 环境监测 /
- 分层随机采样 /
- 站点数量 /
- 采样设计
Abstract: The Changjiang River Estuary is an important habitat for many migratory fishes, and its complex environmental conditions affect the growth and reproduction of aquatic organisms in this area. Marine environmental monitoring buoys are capable of long-term, continuous, real-time and large-scale monitoring of many environmental factors, and are an important part of the modern marine environmental automatic observation system. To establish a reasonable and effective buoy monitoring network for the Chinese sturgeon nature reserve and its adjacent waters in the Changjiang River Estuary , this study used Ordinary Kriging (OK) method to simulate the spatial distribution of various environmental factors, and then compared the effects of different strata design and sample size of Stratified Random Sampling (StRS) on the monitoring results. The results showed that: (1) the sampling accuracy of salinity was better when the stratum of StRS was 3, and water temperature, dissolved oxygen and chemical oxygen demand (COD) was better when the stratum was 2; (2) the relative estimation errors became more concentrated and tended to 0 value with the increase of sample size, and when the sample size was larger than 30, the accuracy tended to be stable gradually; (3) the sampling accuracy of salinity in autumn was different to the other three seasons, and the sampling effect of COD in winter was worst. In the future, when setting up an environmental monitoring buoy network in the Chinese sturgeons nature reserve in the Changjiang River Estuary, it is suggest to adopt three stratum stratified random sampling for salinity monitoring, and the number of stations should be more than 50. When taking various hydrological environments as the monitoring target, it is recommended to use two stratified standard, and the number of stations should be more than 30.
- Changjiang River Estuary /
- environmental monitoring /
- stratified random sampling /
- sample size /
- sampling design

HTML全文

图 1 长江口中华鲟自然保护区及其邻近水域综合监测调查站点

Fig. 1 Comprehensive monitoring and investigation stations in the Chinese sturgeon nature reserve and its adjacent waters in the Changjiang River Estuary

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图 2 长江口中华鲟自然保护区及其邻近水域使用分层随机采样的分层划分

a. 2层分层随机采样方法；b. 3层分层随机采样方法

Fig. 2 Stratified design of stratified random sampling in the Chinese sturgeon nature reserve and its adjacent waters in the ChangjiangRiver Estuary

a. Two stratum stratified random sampling; b. three stratum stratified random sampling

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图 3 不同环境要素交叉验证结果

Fig. 3 Cross-validation results of different environmental factors

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图 4 各环境要素的相对误差随监测站点数量增加的变化趋势

Fig. 4 The variation trend of relative estimation error with the increase of the monitoring sample size of various environmental factors

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 不同季节各环境要素的平均相对误差随监测站点数量增加的变化趋势

Fig. 5 The variation trend of average relative estimation error of various environmental factors in different seasons with the increase of the monitoring sample size

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 各环境要素的相对偏差随监测站点数量增加的变化趋势

Fig. 6 The variation trend of relative bias with the increase of the monitoring sample size of various environmental factors

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 不同季节各环境要素的相对偏差随监测站点数量增加的变化趋势

Fig. 7 The variation trend of average relative bias of various environmental factors in different seasons with the increase of the monitoring sample size

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 分层随机采样的分层设计及站点数分布

Tab. 1 Stratified design and sample size distribution of stratified random sampling

区域分层	盐度范围	$ {{N_h}}$	$ {{w_h}}$	$ {{S_h}}$	$ {{n_{h10}}}$	$ {{n_{h{\rm{14}}}}}$	$ {{n_{h20}}}$	$ {{n_{h{\rm{30}}}}}$	$ {{n_{h{\rm{40}}}}}$	$ {{n_{h{\rm{5}}0}}}$
A	>10	61	0.38	5.80	4	5	8	12	16	19
B	≤10	99	0.62	5.57	6	9	12	18	24	31
C	>15	44	0.28	1.92	2	3	5	7	9	11
D	5～15	29	0.18	7.77	6	8	11	17	23	28
E	≤5	87	0.54	0.98	2	3	4	6	8	11
注：$ {{n_h}}$表示h层可被采样的样本数量；$ {{w_h}}$表示h层的权重；$ {{S_h}}$表示h层的样本方差；$ {{n_{h10}}}$($ {{n_{h{\rm{14}}}}}$, $ {{n_{h20}}}$, $ {{n_{h{\rm{30}}}}}$, $ {{n_{h{\rm{40}}}}}$, ${n_{h{\rm{5}}0}}$)表示总站点数量为10(14, 20, 30, 40, 50)时分配到h层中的站点数量。

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 各环境要素不同采样设计结果的平均相对误差

Tab. 2 The average relative estimation error of different sampling design results of various environmental factors

站点数	水温		盐度		溶解氧		COD
站点数	2层	3层	2层	3层	2层	3层	2层	3层
10	1.012	1.237	13.418	12.752	0.535	0.681	5.500	7.664
14	0.840	1.008	11.455	10.385	0.447	0.553	4.574	6.232
20	0.693	0.848	9.193	8.315	0.365	0.464	3.769	5.250
30	0.544	0.678	7.190	6.661	0.287	0.371	2.982	4.201
40	0.453	0.582	6.001	5.607	0.240	0.318	2.470	3.600
50	0.387	0.486	5.188	4.797	0.206	0.266	2.105	3.016

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 各环境要素不同采样设计结果的平均相对偏差

Tab. 3 The average relative bias of different sampling design results of various environmental factors

站点数	水温		盐度		溶解氧		COD
站点数	2层	3层	2层	3层	2层	3层	2层	3层
10	0.000	−0.009	−0.099	0.119	0.003	−0.003	0.012	0.009
14	−0.006	0.003	0.037	−0.071	0.005	−0.001	0.009	0.003
20	−0.002	0.000	0.053	−0.031	0.000	0.001	−0.013	0.016
30	0.000	−0.003	−0.027	−0.017	−0.001	0.001	0.012	0.004
40	−0.001	−0.001	0.044	0.040	0.001	0.000	0.000	0.003
50	−0.001	0.003	−0.006	−0.005	0.001	−0.003	0.000	−0.004

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