厦门潮间带沉积物磷、铁和硫的时空分布及磷释放风险研究

潘峰; 郭占荣; 蔡宇; 刘花台; 王新红

doi:10.12284/hyxb2021030

厦门潮间带沉积物磷、铁和硫的时空分布及磷释放风险研究

doi: 10.12284/hyxb2021030

潘峰^{1, 3,},
郭占荣^2, ,,
蔡宇²,
刘花台¹,
王新红^{1, 3}

1.
厦门大学环境与生态学院，福建厦门 361102
2.
厦门大学海洋与地球学院，福建厦门 361102
3.
厦门大学近海海洋环境科学国家重点实验室，福建厦门 361102

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（41372242，41672226）；中国博士后科学基金（2020M682085）。

详细信息

作者简介:
潘峰（1990—），男，山东省乳山市人，主要研究方向为河口海岸环境地球化学。E-mail：fengpan@xmu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
郭占荣，男，教授，主要从事海岸带水文地质学和海洋地质学的教学和研究。E-mail：gzr@xmu.edu.cn

中图分类号: P736.4
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-08-17
- 修回日期: 2020-10-31
- 网络出版日期: 2021-03-15
- 刊出日期: 2021-04-01

Spatio-temporal variation of phosphorus, iron and sulfur in intertidal sediments of Xiamen and associated release risk of phosphorus

Pan Feng^{1, 3
,},
Guo Zhanrong^{2
, ,},
Cai Yu²,
Liu Huatai¹,
Wang Xinhong^{1, 3}

1.
College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
2.
College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
3.
State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China

摘要

摘要: 为了解潮间带沉积物中铁和硫的氧化还原过程以及上覆水缺氧等对磷再活化和释放的影响，选择厦门翔安海岸带，应用原位、高分辨采样技术，对沉积物、孔隙水以及上覆水进行为期1 a的连续采样和监测。结果表明：上覆海水缺氧和磷含量超标较为严重，二者在多数月份分别低于2 mg/L和高于0.06 mg/L；在垂向剖面上，孔隙水中溶解活性磷含量同溶解铁含量变化规律一致，而薄膜扩散梯度技术有效态磷和有效态硫含量在局部硫高值区分布一致，表明磷的钝化和再活化主要受控于铁，局部受控于硫的氧化还原过程；在季度变化上，孔隙水中溶解活性磷同上覆水中溶解活性磷含量比较一致，归因于缺氧的沉积环境有利于溶解活性磷的跨界面交换，而多种环境因素的叠加，影响着溶解活性磷和膜扩散梯度技术有效态磷的时空变化；表层孔隙水中磷含量梯度不显著，即磷的释放风险不大，但环境因素的变化极易触发内源磷的释放。
- 活性磷 /
- 溶解铁 /
- 溶解硫化物 /
- 薄膜扩散梯度技术 /
- 高分辨渗析技术 /
- 时空分布
Abstract: For understanding the effects of iron and sulfur redox processes and overlying water hypoxia on phosphorus remobilization and liberation in intertidal sediments, the coastal zone in Xiang’an, Xiamen was selected to conduct continuous sampling and monitoring for sediments, pore water and overlying water in one year by employing the in-situ high resolution sampling techniques. Results showed that hypoxia and excessive phosphorus content were severe in the overlying water, which were below 2 mg/L and above 0.06 mg/L in most months, respectively. On the vertical profile, the distribution trend of dissolved reactive phosphorus (SRP) content was consistent with that of dissolved iron content in pore water, while the distribution trend of DGT-labile P was consistent with that of DGT-labile S in local, demonstrating that the passivation and remobilization of phosphorus are mainly controlled by the redox process of iron, and locally controlled by the redox process of sulfur. However, deficiency of sediment phosphorus limits the content of phosphorus in the deep reduction zone. In terms of quarterly changes, SRP content in pore water is only consistent with SRP content in overlying water, which is attributed to the hypoxic sedimentary environment favoring the cross-boundary exchange of SRP. However, the superposition of a variety of environmental factors affects the spatiotemporal changes of SRP and DGT-labile P. The SRP content concentration gradient in surface pore water was not significant, that is, the phosphorus release risk was not significant, but the change of environmental factors is very easy to trigger the release of endogenous phosphorus in future.
- mobile phosphorus /
- dissolved iron /
- dissolved sulfide /
- DGT /
- HR-Peeper /
- spatio-temporal distribution

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图 1 研究区域位置

Fig. 1 The station of the study area

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图 2 溶解铁和SRP的含量−深度剖面

**代表在0.01显著性水平上

Fig. 2 Depth profiles of soluble Fe and SRP contents

** representing significance at 0.01 level

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图 3 各个月份垂向剖面中溶解铁、SRP、DGT有效态硫和磷含量的箱型图，以及研究区上覆水SRP含量、DO浓度和表层沉积物TOC含量的点线图

Fig. 3 Box-plot of soluble Fe, SRP, DGT-labile S and DGT-labile P in vertical profile contents, and point plot of SRP content and DO concentration in the overlying water of the study area and TOC content in the surface sediments of each month

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图 4 DGT有效态硫的二维分布

Fig. 4 2D distributions of the DGT-labile S

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图 5 DGT有效态磷的二维分布

Fig. 5 2D distributions of the DGT-labile P

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图 6 DGT有效态硫和磷在局部的对比

Fig. 6 Comparison between DGT-labile S and DGT-labile P in local

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图 7 各个月份（剖面）DGT有效态硫和磷的线性相关

**代表在0.01显著性水平上

Fig. 7 Linear correlations between DGT-labile S and DGT-labile P in each month (profile)

**representing significance at 0.01 level

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表 1 上覆水基本理化特征

Tab. 1 Basic physicochemical characteristics of the overlying water

时间	温度/℃	盐度	溶解氧浓度/(mg·L⁻¹)	pH	SRP含量/(mg·L⁻¹)	R
2018年5月	33.6	32.65	1.65	8.01	0.131	2.9
2018年6月	23.4	29.66	1.34	8.16	0.134	3.0
2018年7月	30.1	30.43	0.88	7.99	0.086	1.9
2018年8月	31.3	31.57	1.57	8.13	0.077	1.7
2018年9月	31.7	30.00	1.29	8.08	0.067	1.5
2018年10月	25.0	32.67	1.86	8.16	0.062	1.4
2018年11月	22.4	32.04	2.35	7.63	0.062	1.4
2018年12月	20.3	29.39	1.56	8.01	0.049	1.1
2019年1月	15.4	30.56	2.85	7.78	0.051	1.1
2019年2月	16.9	31.24	3.21	7.77	0.052	1.2
2019年3月	18.1	33.12	2.57	8.06	0.060	1.3
2019年4月	24.6	30.89	1.68	8.11	0.058	1.3
注：R为上覆水SRP含量与海水水质标准（GB 3097−1997）第四类水质活性磷酸盐含量（0.045 mg/L）的比值。

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表 2 表层沉积物（0～10 cm）基本理化特征

Tab. 2 Basic physicochemical characteristics of the surface sediments (0 cm to 10 cm)

时间	ASC-Fe含量/(g·kg⁻¹)	ASC-P含量/(mg·kg⁻¹)	TOC含量/%	TS含量/(g·kg⁻¹)	碳氮比	砂含量/%	粉砂含量/%	黏土含量/%
2018年5月	0.84	21.3	0.51	1.66	9.53	7.82	68.2	24.0
2018年6月	0.83	20.9	0.55	1.71	9.43	1.69	64.5	33.8
2018年7月	0.88	22.7	0.54	2.40	10.5	0.59	70.8	28.6
2018年8月	0.27	18.3	0.44	2.79	10.0	4.85	70.5	24.6
2018年9月	0.30	21.0	0.39	1.77	11.0	17.5	66.6	15.9
2018年10月	0.79	21.9	0.54	1.32	9.77	2.00	72.1	25.9
2018年11月	0.54	14.2	0.62	1.50	9.35	8.09	69.6	22.4
2018年12月	0.49	8.00	0.52	1.35	8.66	13.2	68.9	18.0
2019年1月	0.68	9.00	0.60	1.32	8.79	18.0	65.5	16.6
2019年2月	0.54	6.90	0.49	1.74	9.35	21.8	74.6	3.60
2019年3月	0.73	7.60	0.64	1.18	8.21	12.3	84.4	3.30
2019年4月	0.57	7.50	0.48	1.42	8.99	14.1	81.5	4.40

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