基于数字图像的山东长山岛砾石海滩表层砾石形貌特征研究

王兴; 王永红; 徐杨杨; 向亚武

doi:10.12284/hyxb2021009

基于数字图像的山东长山岛砾石海滩表层砾石形貌特征研究

doi: 10.12284/hyxb2021009

王兴^{1, 2,},
王永红^{1, 2, ,},
徐杨杨^{1, 2},
向亚武^{1, 2}

1.
中国海洋大学海洋地球科学学院，山东青岛 266100
2.
海底科学与探测技术教育部重点实验室，山东青岛 266100

基金项目: 国家海洋局公益性项目（201405037）；国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFC0402602）；国家自然科学基金（41376054，41176039，41410304022，U1606401）。

详细信息

作者简介:
王兴（1991-），男，山东省阳谷县人，博士研究生，主要从事海岸动力地貌研究。E-mail：geologywx@163.com

通讯作者:
王永红，女，山东省青岛市人，教授，主要从事海洋地质和环境方面研究。E-mail：yonghongw@ouc.edu.cn

中图分类号: P737.1
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-03-24
- 修回日期: 2020-10-06
- 网络出版日期: 2021-02-24
- 刊出日期: 2021-01-25

Morphological characteristics based on digital images of gravels from gravels beaches in the Changshan Island, Shandong Province

Wang Xing^{1, 2
,},
Wang Yonghong^{1, 2
, ,},
Xu Yangyang^{1, 2},
Xiang Yawu^{1, 2}

1.
College of Marine Geosciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
2.
Key Lab of Submarine Geosciences and Prospecting Techniques, MOE, Qingdao 266100, China

摘要

摘要: 天然砾石海滩作为一种高能环境下的海岸堆积体，因其粒径粗、孔隙度大等特征，是良好的海岸防护屏障。了解砾石海滩形成过程离不开砾石形貌这一重要参数，但要快速、准确获得大量砾石的定量参数比较困难。本文对山东北长山岛3个砾石海滩(九丈崖、月牙湾、长滩)、南长山岛的4个砾石海滩(仙境源、林海、长山尾和明珠广场)进行现场剖面测量并采集砾石样品及砾石图像，应用ImageJ软件对砾石进行原位无干扰数字图像测算，可以快速大量分析砾石粒径、磨圆度等形貌参数。结果显示：砾石的粒径范围为4～79 mm，主要集中在中砾，各海滩分选较好；其中，北长山岛海滩的砾石平均粒径略小于南长山岛，北长山岛九丈崖海滩的砾石平均粒径最大，南长山岛的仙境源海滩砾石平均粒径最小。向海方向从滩肩到高潮线平均粒径逐渐减小，但在水边线处增大。砾石磨圆度介于0.59～0.75之间，等级均为圆状，砾石海滩均已达到较成熟阶段；其中北长山岛的月牙湾海滩砾石磨圆最好，长滩海滩砾石的磨圆最差，由陆向海磨圆度值呈增大的趋势。形状比率范围介于1.36～1.77之间，与磨圆度呈明显负相关(R²=0.98)，砾石由陆向海从长条状渐变为椭圆状。南、北长山岛的砾石海滩的砾石形貌受到物源、动力条件和人为活动的影响。研究区砾石海滩坡度范围为16%～35%，海滩坡度与沉积物粒径呈正相关。
- 砾石滩 /
- 数字图像 /
- 形貌特征 /
- 控制因素
Abstract: As a kind of coastal accumulation body in high-energy environment, natural gravel beach is a good coastal protection barrier due to its coarse particle size and large porosity. The gravel morphology is an important parameter to understand the gravel formation process, but it is difficult to obtain the quantitative parameters of a large number of gravels quickly and accurately. In this study, we surveyed three gravel beaches (Jiuzhangya, Yueyawan, Changtan) in the Beichangshan Island, four gravel beaches (Xianjingyuan, Linhai, Changshanwei and Mingzhuguangchang) in the Nanchangshan Island in the Shandong Province. We measured beach profile, collected gravel samples and took gravel images. Using the software ImageJ for digital image measurement in situ without interference, we can quickly obtain a large number of gravel morphologic parameters, including particle size, grinding roundness and shape ratio. The results show that the range of the particle size is 4−79 mm, which was mainly pebbles. The average particle size of the beach in the Beichangshan Island is slightly smaller than that in the Nanchangshan Island, with the largest average particle size of gravels in the Jiuzhangya Beach of the Beichangshan Island and the smallest one in the Xianjingyuan Beach of the Nanchangshan Island. From beach berm to the high tidal line, the average particle size decreases gradually, but increases at waterline. The range of roundness of gravel is 0.59–0.75, and the grade is round. The gravel beaches have reached a relatively mature stage based on roundness, with the best roundness in the Yueyawan Beach and the worst roundness in the Changtan Beach of the Beichangshan Island. The gravel roundness increases from land to sea. The shape ratio ranges from 1.36 to 1.77, which is negatively correlated with the gravel roundness (R²=0.98). The gravel gradually changed from long strip to elliptic shape from land to sea. The gravel beaches morphology of the Changshan Island is affected by the provenances, dynamic conditions and human activities. The slope range of the gravel beach in the study area is 16%−35%, and they are positively correlated with the gravel particle size.
- gravel beach /
- digital image /
- morphologic characteristics /
- control factors

HTML全文

图 1 研究区域位置及剖面分布

Fig. 1 Location and profile of the study area

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图 2 研究区砾石滩及采集样方图

Fig. 2 Pictures of gravel beach and the image collection of gravel in the study area

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图 3 一个样品的砾石图像处理结果

Fig. 3 Image processing result of gravels in a gravel beach sample

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图 4 ImageJ测量结果可重复性/稳定性对比（a）（1～7为不同人员测量的数据）和不同方式测量的砾石二维数据对比（b）

Fig. 4 Comparison of repeatability/stability of measurement results of ImageJ software (a)(1–7 are measured by different people), and comparison of 2-D gravel data in different ways (b)

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图 5 砾石滩剖面形态图

Fig. 5 Profile morphology of different gravel beaches

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图 6 不同砾石滩的砾石平均粒径（a）、磨圆度（b）和形状比率（c）分布

Fig. 6 The distribution of the mean particle size (a), roundness (b), and shape ratio (c) at different gravel beaches

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图 7 各海滩不同剖面及南、北长山岛总体砾石粒度（a）、磨圆度（b）和形状比率（c）分布

Fig. 7 The distribution of gravel size (a) , roundness (b), and shape ratio (c) in different gravel beaches sections and Changshan island

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图 8 长山岛砾石滩沉积物分布模式图

由陆向海，砾石粒径先减小后增大，磨圆变好，形状比率变小

Fig. 8 Pattern of gravel distribution in gravel beach in the Changshan Island

From land to sea, the gravel size decreases first and then increases, the roundness become better and the shape ratio become smaller

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图 9 砾石滩前滨坡度与粒度关系

Fig. 9 Relationship between slope and grain size of gravel beach foreshore

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表 1 软件统计得出的砾石颗粒形状参数（据文献[17]）

Tab. 1 Gravel particle shape parameters obtained from software statistics (from reference [17])

参数	计算方法	说明
颗粒面积（A）	软件自动统计所选颗粒包含的像素面积并转换为实际面积	以mm²表示
颗粒周长（P）	软件自动统计所选颗粒边缘像素长度并转换为实际长度	以mm表示
颗粒粒径（D_F）	${D}_{{\rm{F}}}=\sqrt{{M}_{\min}^{2}+{M}_{\max}^{2}}$	以Feret粒径(D_F)表示，$ {M}_{\min} $和$ {M}_{\max} $分别为最小和最大Feret直径*
形状比率（AR）	$ AR=\dfrac{{l}_{\max}}{{l}_{\min}} $	颗粒长轴（$ {l}_{\max} $）与短轴（$ {l}_{\min} $）之比
磨圆度（RD）	$ RD=\dfrac{4{\text π}\times A}{{P}^{2}} $	颗粒的磨圆程度，圆形颗粒为1.0
注：*表示计算Feret直径时首先确定颗粒投影面的重心位置，然后计算通过重心位置的各个方向的直径大小，从而确定最大Feret直径($ {M}_{\max} $)与最小Feret直径($ {M}_{\min} $)，这两个值表明了颗粒的形状特征和最小过筛粒径^[26]。

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 砾石滩基本信息

Tab. 2 Basic information of different gravel beaches

海岛	海滩	海滩长度/m	海滩宽度/m	朝向	平均坡度
北长山岛	九丈崖	620	50	NW	35%
	月牙湾	954	50	N	21%
	长滩	978	30	NE	25%
	平均值	851	43		27%
南长山岛	仙境源	240	20	NE	16%
	林海	480	30	E	28%
	明珠广场	450	60	S	33%
	长山尾	400	28	E	33%
	平均值	523	46		28%

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表 3 各海滩沉积物粒度参数及分布

Tab. 3 Grain size parameters and distribution of gravels at different beaches

海岛	海滩名称	平均粒径/mm		中值粒径/mm	分选系数		偏态		峰态
海岛	海滩名称	平均值	粒级*	中值粒径/mm	平均值	等级	平均值	等级	平均值	等级
北长山岛	九丈崖	32.49	中砾	32.49	0.63	较好	0.05	近对称	1.01	中等
	月牙湾	14.47	中砾	13.79	0.53	较好	−0.01	近对称	0.96	中等
	长滩	22.96	中砾	22.40	0.59	较好	0.05	近对称	0.85	宽
	平均	23.31	中砾	22.89	0.58	较好	0.03	近对称	0.94	中等
南长山岛	林海	25.32	中砾	25.66	0.50	较好	−0.06	近对称	0.97	中等
	明珠广场	31.58	中砾	32.69	0.69	较好	−0.09	近对称	1.00	中等
	长山尾	31.09	中砾	32.06	0.55	较好	0.10	近对称	1.04	中等
	仙境源	7.72	细砾	7.69	0.51	较好	−0.02	近对称	0.88	宽
	平均	24.23	中砾	24.52	0.56	较好	−0.02	近对称	0.97	中等
注：*粒级划分及命名参考GB/T 12763.8–2007 《海洋调查规范第8部分海洋地质地球物理调查》。

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