2017年福建近海一次链状裸甲藻赤潮过程、成因和影响研究

李光毅; 刘保清; 黄龙展

doi:10.12284/hyxb0000-00

2017年福建近海一次链状裸甲藻赤潮过程、成因和影响研究

doi: 10.12284/hyxb0000-00

李光毅^{1, 2, 3,},
刘保清^{2, 3},
黄龙展^{2, 3}

1.
自然资源部海洋生态监测与修复技术重点实验室，上海 201206
2.
自然资源部厦门海洋中心，福建厦门 361101
3.
泉州海洋环境监测预报中心，福建泉州 362131

基金项目: 自然资源部海洋生态监测与修复技术重点实验室开放研究基金（MEMRT202104）；福建省海洋藻类活性物质制备与功能开发重点实验室开放课题（2022-KF02）。

详细信息

作者简介:
李光毅（1993—），男，福建厦门人，工程师，主要从事海洋生态环境监测工作。E-mail：1328663241@qq.com

中图分类号: X835
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-07-17
- 修回日期: 2024-10-29
- 网络出版日期: 2024-08-06

Study on the process, causes and effects of a Gymnodinium catenatum bloom in the coastal waters of Fujian Province in 2017

Li Guangyi^{1, 2, 3
,},
Liu Baoqing^{2, 3},
Huang Longzhan^{2, 3}

1.
Key Laboratory of Marine ecological monitoring and restoration technologies, Ministry of Nature Resources, Shanghai 201206, China
2.
Xiamen Ocean Center, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361008, China
3.
Quanzhou Marine Environmental Monitoring and Forecasting Center, Quanzhou 362131, China

摘要

摘要: 本文于2017年6月9～15日对发生在福建省惠安县沿海的一次链状裸甲藻（Gymnodinium catenatum）赤潮过程进行研究，共布设6个站位开展7个航次的海洋环境跟踪监测，并选取同年6月6日的水质和3月、11月的浮游植物数据同赤潮监测结果进行对比；同时结合甲藻包囊和养殖贝类的麻痹性贝毒（PSP）调查结果，探索休眠包囊与赤潮生消的关系，以期掌握养殖贝类体内PSP毒素的累积和排出规律。研究结果表明，赤潮发生时，天气晴朗，海况良好，水温和盐度分别介于24.2～26.8℃和30.4～33.2之间，营养盐含量较低，为贫营养水平，赤潮生物密度最高达到1.79×10⁶ cells/L，适宜的水文气象条件和N/P以及链状裸甲藻的营养模式为赤潮的发生提供了基础，而恶劣的气象条件是导致赤潮消亡的主要原因。调查海域链状裸甲藻包囊平均密度为33.2 cysts/g，并有可能重新萌发成营养细胞，具有重新暴发赤潮的潜在性，需要引起重视。赤潮时牡蛎和贻贝短时间内即可富集高浓度的PSP毒素，并与赤潮生物的密度呈正比；低密度的链状裸甲藻也有可能引发PSP毒素超标；贻贝对PSP毒素具有富集快排出慢的特点，且富集能力远高于牡蛎，而排出速度则是明显较牡蛎慢。
- 链状裸甲藻 /
- 赤潮 /
- 休眠包囊 /
- 麻痹性贝毒
Abstract: During June 9 to 15 2017, the dynamic of Gymnodinium catenatum bloom along the coast of Hui'an County, Fujian Province, were investigated. Six monitoring stations were established for marine environmental factors assessment over seven sampling trips. The water quality data from June 6, along with the phytoplankton data collected in March and November 2017, were selected for comparative analysis. Furthermore, the survey results of dinoflagellate cysts and paralytic shellfish poison (PSP) in cultured shellfish were integrated to explore the relationship between dormant cysts and the bloom dynamics, as well as the patterns of PSP accumulation and elimination in cultured shellfish. The results revealed that during the bloom, conditions were characterized by sunny weather and favorable sea states, with water temperature ranging from 24.2 to 26.8°C and the salinity between 30.4 and 33.2. The concentrations of nutrients were low, indicating oligotrophic conditions, while the density of G. catenatum peaked at 1.79×10⁶ cells/L during the bloom period. The interplay of favorable hydro-meteorological conditions, N/P ratio, and the trophic pattern of G. catenatum provided a basis for the evolution of the bloom, whereas adverse weather conditions primarily contributed to its decline. The average density of G. catenatum cysts in the surveyed sea area was 33.2 cysts/g, suggesting a potential for these cysts to germinate into trophic cells, which could lead to the reemergence of the bloom and therefore necessitates further attention. During the bloom period, both oysters and mussels rapidly accumulated high concentrations of PSP toxins, with levels directly proportional to G. catenatum density. . Additionally, even low densities of G. catenatum posed a risk for PSP exceedances. Mussels exhibited a rapid accumulation and slow elimination of PSP, with a significantly greater capacity for toxin accumulation compared to oysters, while their elimination rate was significantly slower.
- Gymnodinium catenatum /
- red tide /
- resting cysts /
- PSP

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图 1 监测站位

Fig. 1 Monitoring Stations

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图 2 链状裸甲藻最高细胞密度变化

Fig. 2 Variation in maximum density of Gymnodinium catenatum

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图 3 赤潮前后降雨量、气温及风速变化趋势

Fig. 3 Trends in rainfall, air temperature and wind speed before and after red tide

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图 4 调查期间理化环境因子变化趋势

Fig. 4 Trends in environmental factors during the survey period

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图 5 调查期间PO₄-P变化趋势

Fig. 5 Trends in PO₄-P during the survey period

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图 6 调查期间无机氮变化趋势

Fig. 6 Trends in DIN during the survey period

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图 7 调查期间E值和N/P变化趋势

Fig. 7 Trends in E and N/P during the survey period

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图 8 链状裸甲藻包囊密度变化

Fig. 8 Variations in abundance of G. catenatum cysts in Chongwu sea area

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表 1 贻贝样品PSP检测结果

Tab. 1 Results of PSP detection in mussel samples

采样时间	采样地点	样品种类	PSP(Mu/100g)
2017−06−12	崇武	贻贝	6344.8
2017−06−19	崇武	贻贝	1486.0
2017−06−26	崇武	贻贝	2288
2017−07−03	崇武	贻贝	354.6
2017−07−10	崇武	贻贝	2240.0
2017−07−17	崇武	贻贝	1689.2
2017−07−24	崇武	贻贝	275.1
2017−08−03	崇武	贻贝	2638.3
2017−08−08	崇武	贻贝	655.7
2017−08−14	崇武	贻贝	315.2
2017−08−21	崇武	贻贝	ND
2017−08−28	崇武	贻贝	ND
注：ND表示未检出，下同。

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表 2 牡蛎样品PSP检测结果

Tab. 2 Results of PSP detection in oyster samples

采样时间	样品种类	PSP(Mu/100g)
采样时间	样品种类	崇武	大港湾	东周半岛
2017−06−12	牡蛎	5405.4	589.4	5263.8
2017−06−19	牡蛎	651.6	355	766.3
2017−06−26	牡蛎	ND	ND	221.3
2017−07−03	牡蛎	ND	ND	184.1
2017−07−10	牡蛎			ND
2017−07−17	牡蛎			ND

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