Induction and Effects of Suspended Particles on the Denitrification Potential within Overlying Water of Sediments in Jiaozhou Bay
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摘要: 水体中的悬浮颗粒物为微生物附着与活跃的生理代谢提供了重要载体，同时由于与水体之间存在有氧–缺氧界面，使得悬浮颗粒物成为水体反硝化作用的热点微区。本研究选取了胶州湾西北部大沽河口和南部湾口区域的两个研究站位，采集柱状沉积物和上覆水体，通过水体原位环境模拟培养和悬浮颗粒物浓度梯度模拟培养实验，测定反硝化脱氮速率及功能基因narG和nirS丰度的变化，以此探讨悬浮颗粒物对海湾沉积物上覆水体反硝化作用潜力的诱导与调控机制。结果表明：培养实验均观测到活跃的反硝化作用发生。在6组悬浮颗粒物浓度情形（分别为50 mg/L、100 mg/L、150 mg/L、200 mg/L、300 mg/L和400 mg/L）模拟实验中，反硝化测定速率和功能基因narG与nirS丰度均随着悬浮物浓度的增加而增加，意味着悬浮颗粒物能为诱导并促进胶州湾水体微生物反硝化代谢的发生提供重要载体，并且附着在悬浮颗粒物上的反硝化细菌数量对悬浮颗粒物促进反硝化潜力起着主动作用。此外，对比两个站位发现，河口区模拟实验的反硝化速率显著高于湾口区，但功能基因丰度较湾口区低，通过分析指出该现象与悬浮物的组成及粒径大小密切相关，进一步揭示了悬浮颗粒物对调控海湾水体反硝化潜力的复杂机理。本研究的发现表明，悬浮颗粒物可拓展海湾生态系统反硝化发生的区域空间，释放反硝化代谢潜力，对缓解海湾水质富营养化程度，降低水体富营养化风险具有潜在重要的生态意义。Abstract: The influence of suspended particulate matters (SPM) on denitrifying metabolism and potential of nearshore waters were investigated in the sea area outside Dagu River estuary and southern mouth of Jiaozhou Bay based on 15N-isotopic tracing incubation experiments. Sediment cores and overlying waters were collected from two sampling sites and then incubated under in situ conditions and simulated SPM gradient (i.e., 50 mg/L, 100 mg/L, 150 mg/L, 200 mg/L, 300 mg/L and 400 mg/L in setting concentration). Detection of denitrification rates combined with relative abundances of narG and nirS genes measurement were conducted to reveal the denitrification potential. The results showed that significant denitrification occurred in all incubations. Under SPM gradient simulated condition, the denitrifying rates as well as narG and nirS gene abundances increased with SPM concentrations, and the abundance of particle-associated denitrifying bacteria probably played a dominated role on potential enhancement, implying that SPM should act as important media on promoting denitrification potential in the Jiaozhou Bay waters. The variance between two study sites was obvious with denitrification rate measured in estuary area being higher than that in southern mouth, while the functional gene abundances just the opposite. It could be well explained by the composition and grain size difference of the SPM, indicating a complicated regulation of SPM to the denitrification potential in Jiaozhou Bay waters. This study suggests that SPM will expand the spatial activity of denitrifying metabolism and then more release the denitrification potential in the nearshore ecosystem, which is ecologically meaningful for the relief of eutrophication level and risk in coastal environments.
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图 2 悬浮颗粒物模拟培养实验采样示意图
Fig. 2 Schematic diagram of sampling method and simulated SPM gradient incubations
图 3 未赶气和赶气条件下15N-N2 浓度随培养时间的变化
Fig. 3 Time series of 15N-N2 productions under no-degassing and degassing conditions
图 4 悬浮颗粒物模拟培养实验中15N-N2 浓度随时间的变化
Fig. 4 Time series of 15N-N2 productions under different simulated SPM concentrations
图 5 反硝化培养速率随悬浮颗粒物浓度的变化
Fig. 5 Variation of denitrification rates among different simulated SPM concentrations
图 6 功能基因narG和nirS丰度随悬浮颗粒物浓度的变化
Fig. 6 Variation of narG and nirS genes abundance among different SPM concentrations
图 7 反硝化速率与功能基因丰度的相关性
Fig. 7 Correlations between measured denitrification rate and functional genes abundance
表 1 采样站位水体和表层沉积物主要观测参数
Tab. 1 Environmental factors of water columns and surface sediments at the sampling sites
观测项目 水体 沉积物 水深
(m)采样深度
(m)温度
(℃)盐度 Chl a
(μg/L)DO
(mg/L)${\mathrm{NO}}_3^- $
(μmol/L)${\mathrm{NH}}_4^+ $
(μmol/L)SPM
(mg/L)TOC (%) TOC/TN 采样站位 E 2.1 1.7 27.3 29.85 4.26 6.05 15.74 6.32 69.16 1.08 3.8 M 15.7 14.9 26.4 31.47 1.85 6.72 1.86 1.25 67.25 1.27 9.2 
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