三峡截流以来长江洪季潮区界变动河段冲刷地貌

石盛玉; 程和琴; 郑树伟; 徐文晓; 陆雪骏; 姜月华; 周权平

三峡截流以来长江洪季潮区界变动河段冲刷地貌

1.
华东师范大学河口海岸学国家重点实验室, 上海 200062
2.
中国地质调查局南京地质调查中心, 江苏南京 210016

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金面上项目（41476075）；中国地质调查局南京地质调查中心委托项目“重大水利工程对长江中下游地质环境影响研究”（DD20160246）。

计量
- 文章访问数: 1314
- HTML全文浏览量: 35
- PDF下载量: 656
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2016-06-24

Erosional topography of the tidal limit in the Yangtze River in flood seasons after the river closure at Three Gorges

1.
State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
2.
Nanjing Center, China Geological Survey, Nanjing 210016, China

摘要

摘要: 潮区界河段河势演变对三峡工程的响应是长江经济带建设中的重要问题。然而受观测手段所限，对三峡截流以来潮区界变动范围及其地貌演变的客观认识亟待探讨。对大通站洪季水位资料进行频谱分析，初步判断了近期长江洪季潮区界位置；对比1998年和2013年水下地形资料，分析了三峡大坝截流以来该河段河槽的冲淤演变特征；利用多波束测深系统对冲刷明显河段的微地貌进行了高分辨率观测。结果显示：（1）1998-2013年潮区界变动河段河槽整体冲刷5 649.7万m³。其中，上段全面冲刷，太白、太阳两洲并岸，铜陵沙被冲开，主槽刷深达5.6 m；中段主泓摆动，天然洲南冲北淤，黑沙洲中水道淤死，南水道左岸最大冲深达8.9 m；下段近岸冲刷强烈，北岸最大冲深达15.4 m；（2）该河段近期处于剧烈的冲刷环境，左岸冲刷尤为显著；（3）冲刷深槽分布在顺直河段，深达5.4~12.6 m；冲刷坑分布在分汊河段平面形态突变处，最大冲深达28.1~30.5 m；水下侵蚀陡坡分布在近岸侵蚀严重的顺直河段，坡度为0.59~0.62。
- 多波束测深 /
- 冲刷 /
- 微地貌 /
- 潮区界 /
- 长江下游
Abstract: The evolution of tidal limit and its river regime in response to the Three Gorges Project (TGP) is an important issue in the construction of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. However, due to the limitation of the observation method, there has been no report about the comprehensive study on the change of position of the tidal limit and the geomorphic evolution in this area since TGP river closure. In this study, the average location of tidal limit in recent flood season was identified through spectral analysis of water level in Datong station, the evolution characteristics of landform were analyzed by comparison of bathymetric data in 1998 and 2013 and the high resolution micro-geomorphology in typical erosional areas was carried out by the multibeam echo sounding data. The research shows that: (1) From 1998 to 2013, the overall channel erosion in tidal limit reaches was 5 649.7×10⁴m³. The upper segment was all-round eroded with the erosion depth in the main channel up to 5.6 m. Taibaizhou and Taiyangzhou merged into bank and Tonglingsha was scoured aside. The middle segment was deposited with small amplitudes and the main stream line swung. The north side of Tianranzhou, Heishazhou Middle Waterway was silted up while south side eroded up to 8.9 m. The lower segment was generally eroded with strong erosion near the northern shoreline where the max depth was 15.4 m. (2) The grain size of surface sediment was apparently coarsened, which indicates that the river channels are under severe erosional environment in the near future. (3) The erosional channels were mainly distributed in straight reaches, and the depth was 5.4-12.6 m. The scour pits were distributed in braided reaches where the planform suddenly changed, and the max erosion depth was 28.1-30.5 m. The erosional subaqueous bank slope mostly appeared in straight reaches with serious nearshore erosion, and its slope was 0.59-0.62.
- multi-beam bathymatry /
- erosion /
- micro-geomorphology /
- tidal limit /
- lower Yangtze River

HTML全文

参考文献(26)

Smith L M, Winkley B R. The response of the Lower Mississippi River to river engineering[J]. Engineering Geology, 1996, 45(1):433-455.

Harmar O P, Clifford N J, Thorne C R, et al. Morphological changes of the Lower Mississippi River:geomorphological response to engineering intervention[J]. River Research & Applications, 2005, 21(10):1107-1131.

Anthony E J, Marriner N, Morhange C. Human influence and the changing geomorphology of Mediterranean deltas and coasts over the last 6000 years:From progradation to destruction phase?[J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 2014, 139(5):336-361.

Dai Z, Liu J T. Impacts of large dams on downstream fluvial sedimentation:An example of the Three Gorges Dam (TGD) on the Changjiang (Yangtze River)[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2013, 480(4):10-18.

Wu C S, Yang S, Huang S, et al. Delta changes in the Pearl River estuary and its response to human activities (1954-2008)[J]. Quaternary International, 2015, 392:147-154.

国务院关于依托黄金水道推动长江经济带发展的指导意见[J]. 中国水运, 2014(10):15-19. Guiding opinions of the State Council on promoting the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt on the basis of the golden waterway[J]. China Water Transport, 2014(10):15-19.

贺松林, 王盼成. 长江大通站水沙过程的基本特征Ⅱ.输沙过程分析[J]. 华东师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2004(2):81-86. He Songlin, Wang Pancheng. The basic character on process of runoff and sediment discharge at Datong station of the Changjiang River Ⅱ. Analysis on sediment transport process[J]. Journal of East China Normal University (Nature Science), 2004(2):81-86.

水利部长江水利委员会. 长江泥沙公报[M]. 武汉:长江出版社, 2000-2014. Changjiang Water Resources Committee. Changjiang River Sediment Bulletin[M]. Wuhan:Changjiang Press, 2000-2014.

屈贵贤. 长江下游大通-江阴段近五十年河床演变特征及其原因分析[D]. 南京:南京师范大学, 2014. Qu Guixian. The characteristics and explanations of channel change in the Datong-Jiangyin reach of the lower Yangtze River:1959-2008[D]. Nanjing:Nanjing Normal University, 2014.

李芳. 基于GIS的长江河口近期冲淤演变分析[D]. 上海:同济大学, 2008. Li Fang. Analysis of recent evolution of Yangtze Estuary based on GIS[D]. Shanghai:Tongji University, 2008.

卢金友, 张细兵, 黄悦. 三峡工程对长江中下游河道演变与岸线利用影响研究[J]. 水电能源科学, 2011(5):73-76. Lu Jinyou, Zhang Xibing, Huang Yue. Influence of Three Gorges Project on river evolution and shoreline use in middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River[J]. Water Resources and Power, 2011(5):73-76.

郭亚军, 易平涛. 线性无量纲化方法的性质分析[J]. 统计研究, 2008, 25(2):93-100. Guo Yajun, Yi Pingtao. Character analysis of linear dimensionless methods[J]. Statistical Research, 2008, 25(2):93-100.

徐汉兴, 樊连法, 顾明杰. 对长江潮区界与潮流界的研究[J]. 水运工程, 2012(6):15-20. Xu Hanxing, Fan Lianjie, Gu Mingjie. On tidal mark and tidal current mark in the Yangtze River[J]. Port & Waterway Engineering, 2012(6):15-20.

侯成程. 长江潮流界和潮区界以及河口盐水入侵对径流变化响应的数值研究[D]. 上海:华东师范大学, 2013. Hou Chengcheng. Numerical study on the tidal current limit and tidal limit in the Changjiang River and the response of saltwater intrusion in the Changjiang Estuary to the river discharge change[D]. Shanghai:East China Normal University, 2013.

杨云平, 李义天, 韩剑桥, 等. 长江口潮区和潮流界面变化及对工程响应[J]. 泥沙研究, 2012(6):46-51. Yang Yunping, Li Yitian, Han Jianqiao, et al. Variation of tide limit and tidal current limit in Yangtze Estuary and its impact on projects[J]. Journal of Sediment Research, 2012(6):46-51.

李佳. 长江河口潮区界和潮流界及其对重大工程的响应[D]. 上海:华东师范大学, 2004. Li Jia. Tidal limit and tidal current limit & response to major engineering in Yangtze Estuary[D]. Shanghai:East China Normal University, 2004.

府仁寿, 虞志英, 金镠, 等. 长江水沙变化发展趋势[J]. 水利学报, 2003(11):21-29. Fu Renshou, Yu Zhiying, Jin Liu, et al. Variation trend of runoff and sediment load in Yangtze River[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2003(11):21-29.

郭希望, 陈剑池, 邹宁, 等. 长江中下游主要水文站水位流量关系研究[J]. 人民长江, 2006(9):68-71. Guo Xiwang, Chen Jianchi, Zou Ning, et al. Research of stage-discharge relation of main hydrologic stations in middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River[J]. Yangtze River, 2006(9):68-71.

方娟娟, 李义天, 孙昭华, 等. 长江大通站径流量变化特征分析[J]. 水电能源科学, 2011(5):9-12. Fang Juanjuan, Li Yitian, Sun Zhaohua, et al. Analysis of runoff change characteristics at Datong station of Yangtze River[J]. Water Resources and Power, 2011(5):9-12.

冷魁, 罗海超. 长江中下游鹅头型分汊河道的演变特征及形成条件[J]. 水利学报, 1994(10):82-89. Leng Kui, Luo Haichao. The evolution characteristics and formation condition of goose-head pattern diverged channels in the middle and lower Yangtze River[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 1994(10):82-89.

钱宁. 关于河流分类及成因问题的讨论[J]. 地理学报, 1985(1):1-10. Qian Ning. On the classification and causes of formation of different channel patterns[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 1985(1):1-10.

倪晋仁,王随继. 论顺直河流[J]. 水利学报, 2000(12):14-20. Ni Jinren, Wang Suiji. On straight river[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2000(12):14-20.

李文杰, 杨胜发, 付旭辉, 等. 三峡水库运行初期的泥沙淤积特点[J]. 水科学进展, 2015(5):676-685. Li Wenjie, Yang Shengfa, Fu Xuhui, et al. Sedimentation characteristics in the Three Gorges Reservoir during the initial operation stage[J]. Advances in Water Science, 2015(5):676-685.

张珍. 三峡工程对长江水位和水沙通量影响的定量估算[D]. 上海:华东师范大学, 2011. Zhang Zhen. Quantifying the influence of Three Gorges Project on Yangtze suspended sediment flux, water discharge and water level[D]. Shanghai:East China Normal University, 2011.

王张峤. 三峡封坝前长江中下游河床沉积物分布及河床稳定性模拟研究[D]. 上海:华东师范大学, 2006. Wang Zhangqiao. Sediment distribution and before-dam study in middle and lower Yangtze River stability[D]. Shanghai:East China Normal University, 2006.

戴仕宝, 杨世伦, 赵华云, 等. 三峡水库蓄水运用初期长江中下游河道冲淤响应[J]. 泥沙研究, 2005(5):35-39. Dai Shibao, Yang Shilun, Zhao Huayun, et al. Response of middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River to the initial operation stage of the Three Gorges Project[J]. Journal of Sediment Research, 2005(5):35-39.

施引文献

资源附件(0)

访问统计