南沙群岛西南大陆斜坡海域浮游动物的垂直分布
Vertical distribution of zooplankton in the continental slope southwest of Nansha Islands, South China Sea
-
摘要: 浮游动物是海洋生态系统物质和能量转移的关键环节,也是渔业资源的重要饵料,其种类组成和数量分布均有明显的垂直分层现象。利用2011年4月在南沙群岛西南大陆斜坡海域开展的18个站点90份样品的调查数据,对该海域浮游动物的垂直分布进行了研究,表明:(1)该海域浮游动物种类组成丰富,共出现18个类群580种(类);(2)浮游动物种类组成垂直变化明显,特定水层出现的种类数占总种数的43.6%,各水层均出现的种类仅占总种数的15.8%;(3)优势种组成复杂,垂直变化明显,单一种类的优势度不高;(4)浮游动物平均密度和湿重生物量分别为206.27ind/m3、94.03mg/m3,密度和生物量均以0~2m层和30~75m层较高,沿水深梯度的变化呈明显的双峰型;(5)浮游动物数量的垂直变化主要受温跃层影响,温跃层内浮游动物数量最高,温跃层上方和下方的水层内数量较低;(6)南沙西南大陆斜坡区浮游动物生产力水平较高,表明该海域渔业资源有一定的开发潜力。Abstract: As dietary organisms of fish stocks, zooplankton is a key link of mass and energy transformation in the marine ecosystem. There are vertical changes in the species compositions and abundances of zooplankton in the water column. Based on 90 samples from 18 stations collected in April 2011, the vertical distribution of zooplankton in the continental slope to the southwest of Nansha Islands, South China Sea was studied. It was found that the continental slope waters are rich in zooplankton species, with a total number of 580 species belonging to 18 taxa being recorded. There are obvious vertical variations in the zooplankton species compositions. The numbers of zooplankton species occurring in a specific deep group could take up 43.6% of the total number of species, while the number of species occurring in all deep groups made up only 15.8% of the total number of species. There was no obvious dominant species and the dominancy of any single species was low. The overall mean density and wet biomass of zooplankton were 206.27 ind/m3 and 94.03 mg/m3 respectively. The higher density and biomass were found in the deep groups of 0-2 m and 30-75 m and the vertical distribution showed a pattern of double-humped curve. Thermocline was an important factor in the vertical distribution of zooplankton. The abundances of zooplankton in the thermocline layer were higher than those in the upper mixed layer and the water layers bellow the thermocline. Compared to the other regions in the South China Sea, zooplankton abundances were the highest in the continental slope southwest off Nansha Islands, suggesting potentials for fishery development in the region.
-
Key words:
- Nansha Islands /
- southwestern continental slope /
- zooplankton /
- vertical distribution
-
曾晓光,彭昌翰,罗家聪.南沙海域渔业资源开发与管理研究//我国专属经济区与大陆架勘测研究论文集.北京:海洋出版社,2003: 398-404. 钟智辉,陈作志,刘桂茂.南沙群岛西南陆架区底拖网主要经济渔获种类组成和数量变动[J].中国水产科学,2005,12(6):796-800. 黄梓荣. 南沙群岛西南陆架区头足类资源状况研究[J]. 齐鲁渔业,2005,22(6):21-22. 陈丕茂. 南沙群岛西南部陆架17种鱼类最佳开捕规格和多鱼种拖网最佳网目尺寸[J]. 中国水产科学,2003,10(1):41-45. 宋孝虎. 南中国海发现新的对虾资源[J]. 现代渔业信息,1990,5(8):30. 章淑珍,陈清潮.南海浮游桡足类的生态研究 Ⅰ.数量的分布和变化[J]. 热带海洋,1984,3(1):46-55. 左涛,王荣,王克,等.夏季南黄海浮游动物的垂直分布与昼夜垂直移动[J]. 生态学报,2004,24(3):524-530. 国家技术监督局. 海洋调查规范-海洋生物调查[S]. 北京:中国标准出版社,1991. 陈清潮,黄良民,尹健强,等.南沙群岛海区浮游动物多样性研究.南沙群岛及其邻近海区海洋生物多样性研究Ⅰ. 北京:海洋出版社,1994:42-50. 连光山,林玉辉,蔡秉及. 大亚湾浮游动物群落的特征//大亚湾海洋生态文集(Ⅱ).北京:海洋出版社, 1990:180-186. 章淑珍,裴穗平. 南沙群岛西南部陆架海区渔场浮游动物研究//南沙群岛西南部陆架省区底拖网渔业资源调查研究专集. 北京:海洋出版社,1996:58-79. 尹健强,陈清潮.南沙群岛海区的浮游介形类(1984-1988)//南沙群岛及其邻近省区海洋生物研究论文集(二). 北京:海洋出版社,1991:134-154. 郑重, 李少菁, 许振祖. 海洋浮游生物学[M]. 北京:海洋出版社,1984. 郑重. 我国海洋浮游桡足类的生态习性与分布//郑重文集. 北京:海洋出版社,1987:101-133. 陈瑞祥,蔡秉及,林茂,等.南海中部海域浮游动物的垂直分布[J].海洋学报,1988,10(3):337-341. 陈清潮,张谷贤,尹健强,等.1988年夏季南沙群岛海区东部和南部浮游动物的分布//南沙群岛及其邻近海区海洋生物研究论文集(二). 北京:海洋出版社,1991:186-193. 王云龙,沈新强,李纯厚,等.中国大陆架及邻近海域浮游生物[M]. 上海:上海科学技术出版社,2005. 邱章,黄企洲. 南沙群岛海区温跃层时空分布的分析//南沙群岛海区物理海洋学研究论文集Ⅰ.北京:海洋出版社,1994:64-80. 海洋调查规范第7部分:海洋调查资料交换.中华人民共和国国家标准(GB/T 12763.7-2007)[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007:106. 中国科学院南沙综合科学考察队. 南沙群岛及其邻近海区综合调查研究报告(一).下卷. 北京:海洋出版社,1989: 395-402,639-652. 黄良民. 南海不同海区叶绿素a和海水荧光值的垂向变化[J]. 热带海洋,1992,11(4):89-95. Harris R P. Interactions between die vertical migratory behavior of marine zooplankton and the subsurface chlorophy Ⅱ maximum[J]. Bulletin of Marine Science, 1988, 43(3):663-674. Fragopoulo N, Lykakis J J. Vertical distribution and nocturneal migration of zooplankton in relation to the development of the seasonal thermocline in Patraikos Gulf[J]. Marine biology, 1990,104(3):381-387. 包青华,柴心玉. 黄海温跃层声散射与浮游生物垂直分布的关系[J]. 海洋学报,1995,17(5):59-64. 郑重,郑执中,王荣,等. 烟、威鲐鱼渔场及邻近水域浮游动物生态的初步研究[J]. 海洋与湖沼,1965,7(4):329-354. 李冠国,范振刚. 海洋生态学[M]. 北京:高等教育出版社,2004: 30-31. 中国科学院南沙综合科学考察队. 南沙群岛西南部陆架区底拖网渔业资源调查研究报告[M]. 北京:海洋出版社,1991:120-162.
计量
- 文章访问数: 2483
- HTML全文浏览量: 25
- PDF下载量: 1074
- 被引次数: 0