2003年夏季西北冰洋浮游动物群落结构和地理分布研究

张光涛; 孙松

2003年夏季西北冰洋浮游动物群落结构和地理分布研究

张光涛,
孙松

中国科学院海洋研究所胶州湾海洋生态系统研究站,山东青岛 266071

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(40406002);中国第二次北极科学考察项目;中国极地科学战略研究基金项目(20080214)。

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- 收稿日期: 2010-07-08

The species composition and geographic distribution of zooplankton communities in the western Arctic Ocean in the summer of 2003

Jiaozhou Bay Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071,China

摘要

摘要: 根据西北冰洋43个调查站位的浮游动物种类组成和数量资料,分析了浮游动物的群落结构和地理分布特征,探讨了浮游动物群落与环境因子的关系。结果表明,在调查区域存在三种不同的浮游动物群落类型:楚科奇海台和加拿大海盆地区的高纬度深海群落;楚科奇海中部的陆架群落;阿拉斯加沿岸和楚科奇海北部的沿岸过渡群落。深海群落浮游动物数量较少,种类组成上以桡足类占绝对优势。优势种主要是长腹剑水蚤(Oithona spp.)、小厚壳水蚤(Scolethricella minor)、极北哲水蚤(Calanus hyperboreus)和细长长腹水蚤(Metridia longa)。陆架群落最主要的优势种依次是藤壶腺介幼体、北极哲水蚤(Calanus glacialis)和纽氏伪哲水蚤(Pseudocalanus newmani)。过渡群落最主要的优势种依次是纽氏伪哲水蚤、藤壶无节幼体和长纺锤水蚤(Acartia longiremis)。藤壶腺介幼体成为全部三个群落的优势类群,平均密度在陆架群落最高,达到573.2个/m³。深海群落栖息环境的特征是低温、低叶绿素,陆架群落主要分布在高温、低叶绿素的楚科奇海中部以及少数低温、高叶绿素的站位,过渡群落包括了上述三种栖息环境。其结果说明西北冰洋的浮游动物群落结构存在显著的地理差异,但是在楚科奇海等浅水区域其种类组成和丰度受到环境和种群补充时间差异等多方面的影响。楚科奇海浮游动物群落结构与以前研究相比存在显著差异,主要与采样方法有关,并非食物网结构发生显著变化。
- 西北冰洋 /
- 浮游动物 /
- 群落结构 /
- 优势种
Abstract: Based on the species composition and abundance of zooplankton from 43 stations in the western Arctic Ocean, community structures and geographic distributions, as well as relations between zooplankton communities and environmental conditions were investigated. The species composition and abundance were compared with the previously published results to examine possible changes an community level. Three zooplankton communities were identified with a cluster analysis: a high latitude deep ocean community located in the Canadian Basin and Chuchi Plateau;a shelf community located in the central Chukchi Sea;a neritic transition community including station along the Alaska coast and in the north of Chukchi Sea. The deep ocean community was less in total zooplankton abundance, and dominated by copepods. The most important dominant species include Oithona spp., Scolethricella minor, Calanus hyperboreus and Metridia longa. Barnache cypris, Calanus glacialis and Pseudocalanus newmani were the most important dominant species in the shelf community, and P.newmani, banarcle nauplii and Acartia longiremis were of the most importance in the neritic transition community.Barnacle cypris was recorded as dominant taxon in all communities, with the highest average density of 573.2 ind/m^-3 observed in the shelf community. The deep ocean community inhabited in high latitude area characterized by low temperature and low chlorophyll a concentration. The shelf community distributed mainly in the central Chukchi Sea with high temperature and low chlorophyll a concentration and at several stations with low temperature and high chlorophyll a concentration.The stations from all these three habitats were included in the neritic transition community. It was indicated that zooplankton community is rather steady in high latitude areas, but varies significantly in the Chukchi Sea due to both environmental influences and local development. Though the species composition was different from the previous results, it was induced mainly by various sampling date and gears, rather than long-term changes.
- western Arctic Ocean /
- zooplankton /
- community structure /
- dominant species

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参考文献(30)

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