黄河不同粒径组入海泥沙通量的变化及其对三角洲造陆的影响
Variation of sediment flux to the sea in various grain-size fractions in relation with the delta accretion of the Huanghe River in China
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摘要: 以黄河流域1955~1990年的资料为基础,研究了不同粒径组入海泥沙的变化趋势及其成因以及各粒径组泥沙对三角洲造陆过程的相对贡献率.研究表明,四个粒径组入海泥沙通量都呈减少的趋势,各粒径组入海泥沙通量减少趋势的显著性按由细到粗的顺序递减,即细颗粒泥沙入海通量的减少趋势要比粗泥沙明显.20世纪70年代以来,水土保持面积增大、人类引水增大和年降水量减少是黄河各粒径组入海泥沙通量减小的原因.大规模的水土保持措施实施以后,细泥沙入海通量的减少幅度要大于粗泥沙.多元回归分析结果表明,年降水量变化对小于0.010,0.010~0.025,0.025~0.050及大于0.050 mm四个粒径组泥沙入海通量变化的贡献率分别为58.52%,62.05%,71.16%,83.37%,随粒径的变粗而增大;水土保持措施变化对小于0.010,0.010~0.025,0.025~0.050和大于0.050 mm四个粒径组泥沙入海通量变化的贡献率分别为41.48%,37.95%,28.89%,16.63%,随粒径的变粗而减小.四个粒径组泥沙入海通量与人类净引水量之间的相关系数也按泥沙粒径由细到粗的顺序减小,即人类引水的变化对细泥沙入海通量的影响较大,对粗泥沙入海通量的影响较小.四个粒径组泥沙入海通量与年降水量之间的相关系数按泥沙粒径由细到粗的顺序增大,即年降水的变化对细泥沙入海通量的影响较小,对粗泥沙入海通量的影响较大.建立了黄河三角洲造陆速率与利津站年径流量和小于0.010,0.010~0.025,0.025~0.050及大于0.050 mm四个粒径组的泥沙量之间的多元回归方程.计算结果表明,入海泥沙量和径流量对三角洲造陆速率变化的贡献率接近相等.在四个粒径组中0.010~0.025 mm的泥沙对三角洲造陆速率变化的贡献率最大,0.025~0.050 mm粒径组次之,大于0.050 mm的粒径组再次之,小于0.010 mm的粒径组最小.中等粗细的粒径组对三角洲造陆的贡献率最大.Abstract: On the basis of the data from the period 1955~1990,a study has been made of the temporal variation of sediment flux into the sea of the Huanghe River in vario us grain-size fractions in relation with the delta accretion.The results show that the sediment fluxes in all the four grain-size fractions tend to decrease.The significance of decrease of the sediment flux in the four fractions decreases with the grain-size, i.e,the decreasing trend of fine sediment flux is clearer than that of coarse sediment.Since the 1970s,area of soil and water conservation measures in the Huanghe River drainage basin has increased,drawn water from the river by man has also increased,and annual precipitation has decreased.All these result in a decrease in the sediment flux into the sea of the Huanghe River in various grain-size fractions.After the measures were taken of soil and water conservation,the decrease of the sediment flux into the sea in fine grain-size fractions was more than that in coarse fractions.
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