不同氮源对微小亚历山大藻生长和毒素产生的影响
Effects of four nitrogen substrates on growth and toxin production of Alexandrium minutum(Dinophyceae)
-
摘要: 通过尿素、氯化铵、酵母浸出粉和硝酸钠等氮源对微小亚历山大藻(Alexandrium minutum)生长及毒素产生的影响研究,分析了微小亚历山大藻对不同氮源利用状况的差异.结果表明,在氮饥饿条件下,加入硝酸钠和酵母浸出粉能显著促进微小亚历山大藻的生长;高浓度的氯化铵在加入后对微小亚历山大藻有一定的毒性效应,表现为生长停滞,但毒性效应在5 d后消失,并得到与添加硝酸钠及酵母浸出粉相似的增长速率0.21 d-1;添加尿素对微小亚历山大藻的生长没有显著促进作用.在四种氮源中,尿素对微小亚历山大藻毒素产生的刺激作用也最弱,在稳定期每个细胞藻细胞毒素含量维持在6.00~8.00 fmol;添加硝酸钠、氯化铵和酵母浸出粉的藻细胞在稳定期毒素含量分别达到11.85,12.86和14.64 fmol.硝酸钠和氯化铵刺激藻毒素产生的效果比酵母浸出粉更为直接.四种含氮营养盐对微小亚历山大藻毒素组成的影响都很小.Abstract: Effects of urea,ammonium chloride,yeast extract and sodiumnitrate on growth and toxin production of Alexandrium minutum were studied.According to the results,A.minutum cultured with different nitrogen substrates showed quite different responses on growth and toxin production characteristics.Addition of sodium nitrate and yeast extract after nitrogen depletion can promote the growth of A.minutum.High concentration of ammonium chloride at the time of nutrient addition shows toxicity on A.minutum.However,the toxic effects disappear after 8 d and algae start to grow at a rate of 0.21 d-1,being similar to that with yeast extract and sodium nitrate.Urea has no obvious effect on the growth of A.minutum.However,urea can make the algae sustain at arelatively stable concentration compared with the rapid declination of the control group,where no nutrient is added.Addition of all the four nitrogen substrates after nitrogen depletion can promote to xin production in A.minutum.Similarly,the effect of urea is much weaker than the other three nutrients.Urea can make toxin content per cell sustain between 6.00 and 8.00 fmol.However,the tox in content per cell in algae with ammonium chloride,yeast extract and sodium nitrate as nitrogen sources can reach 11.85,12.86 and 14.64 fmol at the stable phage.All of the four nutrients have little effects on the toxin composition of A.minutum.In a word,bioavailability of sodium nitrate,ammonium chloride and yeast extract are similar to A.minutum,and that of urea is extremely low compared with the other three substrates.
-
Key words:
- A. minutum/i< /
- paralytic shellfish poison /
- urea /
- ammonium chloride /
- yeast extract /
- sodium nitrate /
- growth
-
HALLEGRAEFF G M. A review of harmful algal blooms and their apparent global increase[J]. Phycologia, 1993,32(2):79-99. SMAYDA T. Global epidemic of noxious phytoplankton blooms and food chain consequences in large ecosystems[A]. SHERMAN K, ALEXANDER L M, GOLD B D. Food Chains, Yields, Models, and Management of Large Marine Ecosystems[M]. Boulder CO:Westview Press, 1992. 275-307. ANDERSON D M, KULIS D M, SULLIVAN J J, et al. Dynamics and physiology of saxitoxin production by the dinoflagellates Alexandrium spp. [J]. Marine Biology, 1990, 104(3):511-524. NAKAMURA Y. Kinetics of nitrogen-or phosphorus-limited growth and effects of growth conditions on nutrient uptake in Chattonella antiqua[J]. Journal of the Oceanographical Society of Japan, 1985, 41(6):381-387. OGATA T, KOIKE K, NOMURA S, et al. Utilization of organic substances for growth and toxin production by Alexandrium tamarense [A]. YASUMOTO T, OSHIMA Y, FUKUYO Y. Harmful and Toxic Algal Blooms[C]. Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, 1996. 343-346. 于仁诚,周名江.麻痹性贝毒研究进展[J].海洋与湖沼,1998,29(3):330-338. OSHIMA Y. Latest advances in HPLC analysis of paralytic shellfish toxins[A]. NATORI S, HASHIMOTO K, UENO Y. Mycotoxins and Phycotoxins[M]. Amsterdam:Elsevier, 1989. 319-326. ANTIA N J, HARRISON P J, OLIVERIRA L. The role of dissolved organic nitrogen in phytoplankton nutrition, cell biology and ecology[J]. Phycologia, 1991, 30(1):1-89. MAURICE L, GAMACHE T, MICHAUD S, et al. Does the cost of NO3- reduction affect production of harmful compounds by Alexandrium excavatum[A]. LASSUS P, ARZUL G,ERARD E,et al. Harmful Marine Algal Blooms[C]. Paris:Lavoisier, Intercept Ltd, 1995.463-468. 华泽爱.赤潮灾害[M].北京:海洋出版社,1994.84-90. ANTIA N J, BERLAND B R, BONIN D J, et al. Comparative evaluation of certain organic and inorganic sources of nitrogen for phototrophic growth of marine microalgal[J]. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 1975, 55(3):519-539. BERMAN T, CHAVA S. Algal growth on organic compounds as nitrogen sources[J]. Journal of Plankton Research, 1999, 21 (8):1 423-1 437. CHANG F H, McCLEAN M. Growth responses of Alexandrium minutum (Dinophycease) as a function of three different nitrogen sources and irriadiance[J]. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 1997, 31(1):1-7. 颜天,周名江,邹景忠,等.香港及珠江口海域有害赤潮发生机制初步探讨[J].生态学报,2001,21(10):1 634-1 641. YAN Tian, ZHOU Ming-jiang, QIAN Pei-yuan. The effect of nitrogen substrates on growth of several red tide species[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2002, 21(3):461-467. THOMPSON P A, LEVASSEUR M E, HARRISON P J. Lightqimited growth on ammonium vs. nitrate:What is the advantage for marine phytoplankton? [J]. Limnology and Oceanography, 1989, 34(6):1 014-1 024. TAGUCHI S, KINZIE R A. Growth of Zooxanthellae in culture with two nitrogen sources[J]. Marine Biology, 2001, 138(1):149-155. IETSWAART T, SCHNEIDER P J, PRINS R A, et al. Utilization of organic nitrogen sources by two phytoplankton species and a bacterial isolate in pure and mixed cultures[J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 1994, 60(5):1 554-1 560. BOYER G L, SULLIVAN J J, ANDERSON R J, et al. Effects of nutrient limitation on toxin production and composition in the marine dinoflagellates Protogonyaulax tamarensis[J]. Marine Biology, 1987, 96(1):123-128. FLYNN K, FRANCO J, FERNANDEZ P, et al. Changes in toxin content, biomass and pigments of the dinoflagellates Alexandrium minutum during nitrogen refeeding and growth into nitrogen or phosphorus stress[J]. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 1994, 111 (2):99-109. FLYNN K, FRANCO J, FERNANDEZ P, et al. Nitrogen and phosphorus limitation in cultured Alexandrium minutum halim does not promote toxin production[A]. Le DENN E E,GENTIEN P, Le BAUT C M. Harmful Marine Algal Blooms[C]. Paris:Lavoisier, 1995.439-444. FLYNN K, JONES K J, FLYNN K J, et al. Comparisons among species of Alexandrium(Dinophyceae) grown in nitrogen- or phosphorus-limiting batch culture[J]. Marine Biology, 1996, 126(1):9-18. LEGRAND C, CARLSSON P. Uptake of high molecular weight dextran by the dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenetla[J]. Aquatic Microbial Ecoogyl, 1998, 16(1):81-86.
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 961
- HTML全文浏览量: 4
- PDF下载量: 1349
- 被引次数: 0