黄河三角洲岸线变迁对莱州湾流场和对虾早期栖息地的影响
The effects of the Huanghe River Delta on the circulation and transportation of larvae
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摘要: 用高分辨率的三维陆架海模式对黄河三角洲岸线变迁前后渤海流场进行了数值模拟,探讨了环流对对虾卵子和幼体的输运作用.结果表明,三角洲岸线变迁只对黄河口附近环流,尤其是莱州湾流场有较大的影响,而对其他区域的环流影响很小.三角洲岸线变迁前,莱州湾主要呈一反气旋环流,水体从莱州湾的东部进入,在湾内呈顺时针方向运动,从湾的西北部流出.目前,受三角洲岸线外伸的影响,在黄河口出现一对显著的岬角旋涡对,东南部的流场与岸线变迁相反,为顺着岸流出湾外.这些环流主要是潮与局部地形相互作用所致.风和斜压作用会影响环流的强弱,但其分布格局相似.三角洲岸线变迁前,对虾的卵子和幼体受环流的输运,被带至莱州湾的西部近岸,与历史上的对虾早期栖息地相吻合.三角洲岸线变迁后,位于西北部的对虾的卵子和幼体被黄河口南部的岬角旋涡捕陷于流涡内,而位于东南部的对虾的卵子和幼体则被捕陷于刁龙嘴附近的流涡中,不利于对虾仔幼在莱州湾生长.研究结果从一个侧面说明了近年来莱州湾对虾早期栖息地逐渐消失的原因.Abstract: The Huanghe River has run the current path since its last change of path in 1976.The river delta intrudes into the Laizhou Bay significantly.The effects of the Huanghe River Delta on the circulation and transportation of the eggs and larvae were investigated with a fine resolution 3-D shelf ocean model(HAMSOM).The effects are local but very significant.Before the intrusion of delta,the anti-cyclonic circulation dominates in the Laizhou Bay. At present,the circulation is totally different from that before the intrusion.Apair of headland eddies at the Huanghe River mouth is very significant.The change of the circulation is mainly due to the inter action between tides and bathymetry.Wind and baroclinic forcings also play an important role on the circulation,but the basic pattern remains.The eggs and larvae are transported tow ards the west part of bay before the intrusion of delta,which coincides with the historical nursery ground.At present,the eggs and larvae are trapped in the headland eddies, which has disadvantage on the later stage of larvae.The results may explain to some extent for the lost of the nursery ground of Peneous Chinensis.
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