摘要:
利用1989～2000年现场观测的气象资料,特别是自1997年以来在南极考察船上接收的NOAA卫星极轨高分辨的卫星云图,研究了普里兹湾气旋的生消发展;提出了夏季绕极气旋进入普里兹湾内也会发展加强,在湾内东风带里也能生成气旋的新观点,修正了普里兹湾仅是气旋墓地的不全面说法,从而进一步完善了南极西风带绕极气旋和东风带上气旋生消发展的理论;研究了普里兹湾冰-气-海相互作用的机理,解释了气旋发生、发展的物理过程.用整体动力学输送法计算了进入普里兹湾980205号绕极气旋爆发性发展的能量交换,指出气旋在超过冰坝进入冰间湖可以获得巨大的热量,使气旋迅速发展成为具有南极特色的强风暴,风力达12级以上,平均风速为38m/s;瞬时最大风速达100m/s.
Abstract:
Using meteorological data of field observation in 1989~2000,especially polar orbit high-resolution NOAA satellite cloud maps received from the Antarctic expedition vessel since 1997,the for mation and development of the Prydz Bay cyclone are studied.Some new view points are suggested such as:when surround-polar cyclone enters the Prydz Bay,it can also intensify and develop in summer;cyclone can also develop in the easterlies in this bay.These view points revise old incomplete view-point that the Prydz Bay is a burial ground of cyclone,and also further consummate formation-development theory of surround-cyclone in the Antarctic westerlies and cy clone in the A ntarctic easterlies.The mechanism of ice-ai-rsea interaction in the Prydz Bay is studied,and the physical process of cyclone formation-development is explained.By use of wholly dynamic transportation method,an energy exchange case of a cyclone,which explosively developed after entering the Prydz Bay,is calculatee.It is pointed that when cyclone passes through ice dam and enters the Polynya,it can obtain a great number of heat energy and develop rapidly into a very strong cyclone with Antarctic feature.In this case wind force was as strong as 12 grade,with 10 min average wind speed of 38 m/s,and instant aneous wind speed of 100 m/s.
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