渤海、北黄海海冰与气候变化的关系
Relation of ice conditions with climate change in the Bohai Sea and the northern Huanghai Sea
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摘要: 渤海和北黄海的冰情随着历年冬季气候差异而不同.暖冬海冰覆盖范围不足海域的15%,而寒冬可覆盖海域80%以上.概述了海冰监测及资料来源.冰覆盖面积、外缘线位置和冰况等级等被作为反映结冰海域冰情的指标.用大连和营口站的气温表示渤海、北黄海海域的局地气候.用1952～2000年大连的月平均气温描述冰情的变化.给出冰情指数由1952/1953年到1999/2000年随大连站月平均气温变化.影响渤海和北黄海冰情和气候的因子很多,诸如大气环流的演变和太阳活动等.分析了多种因子与冰情的滞后相关,指出20世纪90年代渤海冰情持续偏轻与全球气候变暖趋势相当一致;渤海和北黄海冰情的年际变化与El-Nino现象以及太阳活动周期有关;讨论了海冰季节演变的特征Abstract: The ice conditions in the Bohai Sea and the northern Huanghai Sea greatly change from year to year with winter climate.Ice only covers less than 15% of waters during the warmest winter,while it covers more than 80% during the coldest winter.Ice obser vation and data acquisition are outlined.The ice covered area,the position of ice edge and the ice grades give indication of the ice conditions.The local climate of waters can be expressed by using the air temperature of Stas Dalian and Yingkou.The variation of the ice condition index es with the monthly mean air temper ature at Sta.Dalian from 1952 to 2000 is shown as well.The local climate and ice conditions in the waters are affected by many factors,such as evolution of the general atmospheric circulation and the solar activity.The delayed correlation between the ice conditions and affecting factors is analysized.The ice conditions are continuously mild since the 1990s,which is related to the tendency of the global warming.The ice condition variation of the Bohai Sea is related to the El-Nino event and the sunspot period.The seasonal evolution of the ice conditions is also described.
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Key words:
- sea ice /
- annual variation /
- seasonal evolution /
- climatic factor /
- Bohai Sea
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