强对流过程对大尺度模式洋面通量加强的参数化研究与进展
The study of influence of mesoscale enhancement on subgrid-scale sea surface fluxes of large-scale model
-
摘要: 由于地球表面热通量直接决定着大气环流运动,在大气数值模式中如何准确描述地球表面热通量就变处得十分重要.洋面是地球表面最广泛分布的下垫面,它的表面热通量描述尤为被重视.尤其是西赤道太平洋暖池、东赤道太平洋冷舌、ITCZ及信风带等关键区域的洋面热通量的准确估计更是非常重要,这些区域的地表通量变化通常被认为是全球气候变化即ENSO现象的最重要的信号[1].众所周知,中尺度降水对流在以上关键海域频繁发生.中尺度降水对流系统往往有较强的下沉气流(downdraft)[2],这种下沉气流在中尺度降水对流系统与大尺度过程的相互作用中伴演着重要角色.
-
JABOUILLE P, REDELSPERGER J L, LAFORE J P.Modification of surface fluxes by atmospheric convection in the TOGA-COARE region[J].Mon Weather Rev, 1996, 124:815~837. ZHANG G J, McFARLANE N A.Sensitivity of climate simulations to the parameterization of cumulus convection in the Canadian climate centre general circulation model[J].Atmosphere-Ocean, 1995, 33(3):407~446. RIEHL H, MALKUS J S.On the heat balance in the equatorial through zone[J].Geophysica, 1985, 6:503~538. GARSTANG M.Sensible end latent heat exchange in low-latitude synoptic-scale system[J].Tellus, 1967, 19:492~509. YOUNG G S, LEDDVINA L D, FAIRALL C W.Influence of precipitating convection on the surface energy budget observed during a tropical ocean global atmosphere pilot cruise in the tropical western Pacific Ocean.I.Layer accompanying a tropical squall line[J].Mon Wea Rev, 1992, 111:308~319. JOHNSON H J, NICHOLLS M E.A composite analysis of the boundary[J].J Atmos Sci, 1983, 1 963~ 1 987. MONIN A S, OBUKHOV A M.Basic laws of turbulent mixing the atmospheric nesr the ground[J].TrA kadNauk, S.S.S.R., Geophiz Inst, 1954, 151(24); Geophys Res, 1954, 97:5 959~5 603. EAGELESON P S.Land Surface Processes in Atmospheric General Circulation Models[M].Cambridge, 1981.67~111. ZENG X, PIELKE R A.Landscape-induced atmospheric flow and its parameterization in large-scale numerical models[J].Journal of Climate, 1995, 8(5):1 156~1 176. LIU T W, KATSAROS K B, BUSINGER J A.Bulk parameterization of air-sea exchange of heat and water vapour including the molecular constraints at the interface[J].J Atmos Sci, 1979, 36:1 722~1 735. SMITH S D.Coefficients for sea surface wind stress, heat flux and wind profile as function of wind speed and temperature[J].J Geophys Res, 1988, 93:15 467~15 472. GARRATT J R.The Atmospheric Boundary Layer[M].Cambridge University Press, 1992.316. ZENG X, ZHAO M, DICKINSON R E.Intercomparison of bulk aerodynamic algorithms for the computation of sea surface fluxes using TOGA COARE and TAO data[J].J Climate, 1998, 11:2 628~2 644. ESBENSEN S K, McPHADEN M J.Enhancement of tropical ocean evaporation and sensible heat flux by atmospheric mesoscale system[J].J Climate, 1996, 9:2 307~2 325. PETER J, LUKAS R.TOGA COARE:the coupled ocean-atmosphere resspones experiment[J].Bulletin American Meteorological Society, 1992, 73(9):1 377~ 1 414. REDELSPERGER J L, MONDON S, GUICHARD F.Parameterization of mesoscale enhancement of surface fluxes in general circulation model[J ].Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 1998, 79(3):89~102. LED VINA D V, YOUNG G S, MILLE R R A, et al.The effect of averaging on bilk estimate of heat and momentum fluxes for the tropical western Pacific Ocesn[J].J Geophys Rev, 1993, 98:20 211~20 217. GODFREY J S, BELJAARS A C M.On the turbulent fluxes of buoyancy, heat and moisture at the air-sea interface at low wind speed[J].J Geophys Res, 1991, 96:22 043~22 048. DEARDORF J W.Convective velocity and temperature scale for the unstable planetary boundary layer and for Rayleigh convection[J].J Armos Sci, 1970, 27:1 211~1 213. MILLER M J, BELJARRS A C M, PALMER T N.The sensitivity of the ECMWF model to the parameterization of evaporation from the tropical ocesn[J].J Climate, 1992, 5:418~434. MAHRT L.Grid-averaged surface fluxes[J], Monthly Weather Rev, 1987, 155:1 550~1 560. ZHANG G J, KIEHL J T, RASCH P J.Response of climate simulation to a new convective parameterization in the national center for atmospheric research community climate model(CCM3)[J].Journal of Climate, 1998, 11:2 097~2 116. MMHRT L, SUN Jie-lun.Dependence of surface exchange coefficients on averaging scale and grid size[J].Q J R Meteorology Soc, 1995, 121:1 850~1 852. PIELKE R A.Mesoscale Meteorogical Modeling[M].Academic Press, 1984.612.
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 641
- HTML全文浏览量: 9
- PDF下载量: 750
- 被引次数: 0