摘要:
利用随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)技术,对黄河口海域棱鱼人工养殖群体与自然群体的遗传多样性进行了分析比较,以期由分子水平了解梭鱼的种群遗传多样性背景及人为干涉因素对梭鱼种群遗传多样性造成的影响.选用OPC组20个10碱基对(bp)的随机引物,对采自河北省黄骅市的24尾野生梭鱼和15尾人工养殖梭鱼进行了分析.选出11个扩增效果稳定的引物用于群体分析,扩增结果具有较好的可重复性.11个引物共检出112个位点,其中养殖群体中有94个表现多态,多态比例为83.93%;自然群体在96个位点上表现多态,多态比例为85.71%.经计算,养殖群体的遗传多样性指数为0.2124,自然群体的遗传多样性指数为0.2271;梭鱼两群体间的相似系数为92.82%,遗传距离为0.0718.研究结果表明,目前黄河口海域梭鱼群体的遗传多样性比较丰富,人工养殖过程对其未造成明显的影响,估计这与人工养殖过程中人为干涉因素少(如育苗历史短、亲鱼来源于自然群体、无定向选择和近亲繁殖等)有关.这一结果表明,梭鱼的人工养殖业在黄河口海域有很好的发展前景.
Abstract:
RAPD method is explored to investigate the genetic variation between cultivated population(CP) and natural population(NP) of mullet (Liza haematocheila) distributed in waters of the Huanghe River Estuary.Using 11 decamer random primers,112 RAPD sites are detected in the 39 fishes.The high percentage of polymorphic sites 83.93% in CP,85.71% in NP) and the high genetic diversity index (H) (0.212 4 in CP,0.2271 in NP) show rich genetic diversity in the two mullet populations.The big genetic similarity index (F=92.82%) and the small genetic distance (D=0.0718) indicate that there is not obvious genetis differentiation between the two populations,which suggests that aquaculture has generated little reduction in genetic diversity of mullet in this area.The results suggest that aquaculture of mulleta will be a promising industry in the area of the Huanghe River Estuary.
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