摘要:
基于“长风丸”1993～1994年共8个航次的水文调查资料,采用改进逆方法计算了东海黑潮的流速、流量和热通量.计算结果表明:(1)PN断面黑潮流速在秋季时均呈双核结构;而在其他季节,有时为单核,有时为双核;黑潮主核心皆位于坡折处.黑潮以东及黑潮以下都存在南向逆流.(2)TK断面较复杂,可出现单、双或三核结构.在吐噶喇海峡中部、北部出现流核的机率较高.海峡南端及海峡深处都存在西向逆流,而且海峡南端的逆流在秋季较强.(3)在A断面,对马暖流核心位于陆坡上,但有时偏西或偏东.Vmax值的变动范围为26～46cm/s.黄海暖流位于其西侧,流速则相对减小.(4)东海黑潮流量在这两年中,在春季均出现最小值,在夏季出现最大或较大值.黑潮流量,以PN断面为例,每年四季平均流量值1994年与1993年几乎相同,但略小于1992年的平均流量值.8个航次中通过PN、TK断面的平均净流量分别为27.1×106和25.0×106m3/s.(5)8个航次中,通过PN、TK断面的热通量的平均值分别为1.99×1015和1.78×1015W.(6)在计算海域秋季和冬季均是由海洋向大气放热;夏季则均从大气吸热;春季则不确定.海面上热交换率在冬季最大,而春、夏季较小.
Abstract:
Based on hydrographic data obtained by R/V Chofu Maru during eight cruises of 1993-1994, a modified inverse method is used to compute the velocity, volume and heat transports of the Kuroshio in the East China Sea. The calculated results show that:(1) at Section PN, there are two current cores of the Kuroshio in autumn, one or two cores in other seasons. The main core always lies over the shelf break. Countercurrent always exists east of and in the deep layer under the Kuroshio;(2) at Section TK, the velocity distribution is more complicated, and it may have one, two or three current cores of the Kuroshio. Current cores often appear in the middle and northern parts of the Tokara Strait. There are westward countercurrents in the southern end and deep layer of the strait, and the countercurrent in the southern end of the strait is stronger in autumn;(3) at Section A, the Tsushima Warm Current(hereafter TSWC) core lies in the shelf break area, and its Vmax varies between 26-46 cm/s. The Huanghai Warm Current lies to the west of the TSWC, and it is weaker;(4) in 1993 and 1994 the volume transport(hereafter VT) of the Kuroshio is the smallest in spring, but it is the largest or has a larger value in summer. The average net northward VT of the Kuroshio during four seasons each year, for example through Section PN, almost has the same value for 1993 and 1994, but both is smaller than that in 1992. The average net northward VT through Sections PN and TK during the eight cruises is 27.1×106 and 25.0×106m3/s;(5) the average heat transports through Sections PN and TK are 1.99×1015 and 1.78×1015W, respectively and(6) at the computation area, heat transfer is from the ocean to the atmosphere in autumn and winter, but the direction reverses in summer, and the direction of heat transfer is uncertain in spring. The average rate of heat transfer is the largest in winter, but smaller in spring and summer.
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