酸溶硫化物(AVS)对沉积物-孔隙水系统中二价有毒金属化学活动性的影响
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摘要: 本文的主要目的为,通过对具不同AVS含量的沉积物的金属加标实验和膜渗透平衡交换孔隙水采样技术,探讨孔隙水中二价有毒金属浓度对不同沉积物AVS含量的化学响应关系和沉积物-孔隙水系统中二价有毒金属在固、液两相间的地球化学分配机制,并以此揭示在AVS作用下,沉积物中二价微量金属的化学活动牲和生物可获得性.研究结果表明,用于加标实验的具不同硫化物含量的沉积物基质中,固相沉积物对镉、锌的吸收容量依AVS含量而异,如按摩尔浓度计,固相沉积物对铺或锌的吸收容量与AVS大致相等.当沉积物中与酸解硫化物同步被提取的金属铺或锌对AVS的摩尔比,[SEM]/[AVS]小于1时,孔隙水中辐或锌难于被检出;而[SEM]/[AVS]大于1时,沉积物中镉或锌开始表现出强烈的化学活动性,它们在孔隙水中的浓度开始跟随总量浓度变化而变化.[SEM]/[AVS]=1,似乎是判断缺氧海洋沉积物中二价有毒金属是否具有化学活动性的临界点.因此,AVS归一化沉积物中的二价有毒金属([SEM]/[AVS]摩尔比)被证明是一种方便直观地反映沉积物中二价有毒金属化学活动性的浓度表达方式,进而可被直接应用于金属沾污沉积物毒性或沉积物环境质量的评价.
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