深水波浪破碎特征量与风速和摩擦风速的关系
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摘要: 破碎是常见的海浪现象之一,研究海浪破碎现象在许多方面有重要意义.首先,海浪破碎是海-气相互作用包括动量、热量及质量交换的主要动力因素,而且波浪破碎还涉及到其它海-气边界过程,如海面白浪(whitecaps)、海洋表面气泡、大气贴水层水雾及海洋上层混合等[1,2];其次,由于破波施加于海洋结构物上的作用力(冲击力)远大于没有破碎时的波浪力,因此,在计算海上建筑物所受外力中,必须考虑破波的出现率及破波强度的影响;另外,波浪破碎会对波高产生影响,因此,在对波高作统计预报时也应考虑波浪破碎的影响[3];还有的学者认为,很多污染物在海洋中的扩散速度与波浪破碎率有密切关系[4].
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