北黄海内潮对潮流垂直结构的影响
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摘要: 中国近海,潮流占支配地位,在跃层存在的季节,实测潮流的垂直结构相当复杂.本文将实测潮流分解为平均正压潮流和变差潮流两部分,提出了从能量构成及分配研究潮流垂直结构的方法,并借此方法研究了北黄海实测潮流的垂直变化情况.分析表明:实测潮流的能量之所以在跃层附近集中主要是内潮所致.跃层两侧内潮流的方向相反,这在一定条件下可以导致跃层两侧实测潮流椭圆的旋转方向相反.平均正压潮流与变差流的交叉作用,在潮流垂直结构的形成中起着重要的作用.正是这种作用导致潮流能量在整个水柱中的不均匀分配.在跃层上侧的内潮流与整个水柱中变差流之间的总能量比率,比在跃层下侧的内潮流与该变差流之间的总能量比率要大.以强内潮区(L4站)为例:对于全日潮频率,上述对应的比率各为38.82%和29.88%,内潮流的总能量约为变差流的68.70%;对于半日潮频率,上述对应的比率各为26.61%和19.73%,内潮流的总能量约为变差流的46.36%.
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