切变波动力学研究Ⅰ.尺度分析与频散关系
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摘要: 本研究从卫星遥感信息入手,对出现在西部边界流与陆坡水之间边界上的切变波动态过程进行了观测与动力学分析,由NOAA卫星红外图像测得的哈特勒斯(Hatteras)角以东,湾流北侧的切变波平均波长为75 km,平均波幅(波峰至波谷)为17 km,平均相速度为100 cm/s,黑潮北侧的切变波平均波长为57 km,平均波幅为17 km,由Seasat-1合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像测得的哈特勒斯角以南,湾流西侧的切变波平均波长为131 km,平均波幅为33 km,一次切变波事件的持续时间约为一周. 为探讨切变波的动力机制,我们求解了层化流体的涡度方程,得出了切变波频散关系的解析表达式,结果表明,切变波相速度与波长成抛物线关系;平均流场是频散关系中的重要因子,后一点表明流速水平切向变化是切变波发生的基本条件,理论分析为卫星遥感数据所证实.
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