Abstract: The distribution of mercury, copper, lead,zinc and chromium contents in the estuarine sediments of the Changjiang River and the influence of environmental factoys on them are described in this paper. Except chromium, distribution of heavy metals, Fe₂O₃ and organic matter in the estuarine sediments of the Changjiang River appear to be low-high-low from the estuary to the seaward end of the estuary with increasing salinity of sea water, while the grain size of sediments appear to be coarse-fine-coarse. Their peak values occur in the range of salinity 17-21‰.And these are mainly due to the complex influence of wave, tide, current, eddy, flocculation and adsorption-desorption on sediments.The conditions for the distribution are: (i) almost no pollution in the estuary, and (ii) a stronger current passing the outer flank of the estuary.