摘要:
由于大范围同步连续观测海流流速很困难,这才产生建立一定的理论及方法认真计算海流流速的要求.可是,过去沿用至今的动力计算[1],方法虽简便,但只能计算因密度分布所生的梯度流(或地转流),且存在着既不考虑风力,又不顾及湍流摩擦力,再加无运动面难以确定,即令设法作出浅海订正,其结果又往往与事实不符等根本性缺陷;而如籍Ekman漂流理论计算海流,又仅能计算因风所生的漂流,且还存在着既不考虑海水密度分布,又视海面无倾斜,再加湍流动力粘滞系量难以确定等与实际相差较远的理论依据.近代兴起的一些海流数值计算,又往往都局限于全流或深度平均流速的计算.因此,建立一种既考虑到海洋内部海水分布,又考虑到海面风力外加海面大气压力作用,顾及到海洋中湍流摩擦力,又体现流速随深度变化,而更重要的是应用起来简易的计算海流流速的理论及方法,便成为很需要解决的问题了.
Abstract:
In order to calculate the wind indnced current and the density current which vary with oceon depth the auther presents a method for calculating the current velocity from the distributions of wind stresses at the sea surface and the density distribution of sea water.The horizontal gradients of pressure at any determined by making certain assumptions,and the coefficients of vertical eddy viscosity are obtained by comparing the calculated values of the current velocities at sea surface with the observed ones.We used this method to calculate the current velocities at any depth in Kuroshio,since it gives comparatively satisfactory results in the positions of the branches of Kuroshio,the situations of the current axis of Kuroshio etc.,the validity of this method is verified.
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