摘要:
由于航海、海上开发作业等对海洋上风和海浪的预报提出越来越高的要求,而海浪、风暴潮等海洋水文要素的数值计算和预报,迫切需要解决海洋上风场的精确计算。但是,复杂的海面结构,大气稳定度的影响以及风、浪之间动量的交换等,使海上风的理论计算遇到很多困难,至今大部分工作是依靠统计方法。利用天气预报的形势场计算地转风或梯度风,以及它与海面摩擦、大气稳定度的经验订正关系。
Abstract:
Accurate estimation of marine surface winds is necessary to a numerical model for the prediction of oceanic wind waves.In this paper,a method of marine surface winds estimation based on a two layer model of the atmospheric boundary layer is described.The atmospheric boundary layer is assumed to be separated into two regions:surface layer and Ekman layer.According to the viewpoint of similarity theory of the boundary layer,the effects of thermal stratification on the surface layer wind distribution of the atmosphere are taken into account.The universal funtions,in the equation that represents the vertical wind profile in this layer,are gives from the relationships derived by Businger etc (1971).In the Ekman layer,the vertical wind profile is specified by the Ekman}s solution,taking into account the baroclinic effects.To examine the model computation of the winds has been made and it is found that the marine surface wind fields from the computation,in the main,agree with those obtained from the analysis based on ship observations.Forecasting tests were made by use of the boundary layer model combined with numerical weather prediction model and it is expected that this model can be used in the routine operation.
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