Effects of different water velocities on survival, growth and physiology of the Zostera marina transplants
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摘要: 为探究鳗草（Zostera marina）移植植株应对不同水流流速的存活、生长和生理变化，明确鳗草移植植株的最适流速范围，研究了水流流速对鳗草移植植株的影响，测定了植株存活、生长和生理指标并评估其相互关系。结果显示，鳗草移植植株的存活率于0.4 m/s处理组达到最大值，是其他流速处理组的1.1～2.4倍，对照组植株则全部死亡（P<0.05）；随水流流速升高，移植植株地上组织的生长呈现逐渐下降趋势，而地下组织的生长则呈现逐渐升高趋势，1 m/s处理组的叶片延伸速率相比0.2 m/s处理组下降24.0%，地下干重则达到0.2 m/s处理组的1.6倍；移植植株的叶片光合色素与非结构碳水化合物含量于0.4～0.6 m/s处理组达到最低值，相比其他处理组降低0.8%～18.5%；根据移植植株的存活生长综合收益和生理稳定性，综合计算得出鳗草移植植株的适宜流速范围为0.3～0.8 m/s，最佳水流流速范围为0.4～0.6 m/s。结果表明，适当提高水流流速能够促进移植植株的快速定植和生长扩繁。Abstract: To investigate the survival, growth, and physiological responses of Zostera marina transplants to different water velocities and determine the optimal flow velocity range, an experiment was conducted. The study aimed to elucidate the effects of water velocity on Z. marina transplants by measuring and evaluating their survival rates, growth performance, and physiological indicators, as well as examining the interrelationships among these factors. Results indicated that the survival rate of transplanted Z. marina plants peaked at 0.4 m/s, being 1.1−2.4 times higher than those in the other treatments (P<0.05). Notably, all plants in the control group perished. Aboveground tissue growth decreased progressively with increasing water velocity, while belowground tissue growth increased gradually. Specifically, leaf elongation rate at 1 m/s was 24.0% lower compared to 0.2 m/s, whereas belowground dry weight at 0.4 m/s was 1.6 times higher than that at 0.2 m/s. Photosynthetic pigment and nonstructural carbohydrates contents in leaves reached their lowest levels between 0.4 and 0.6 m/s, decreasing by 0.8% to 18.5% relative to other treatments. Considering the survival and growth comprehensive income index and physiological index stability coefficient, the suitable flow velocity range for Z. marina transplants is 0.3 to 0.8 m/s, with an optimal range of 0.4 to 0.6 m/s. These findings suggest that moderately increasing water flow velocity can facilitate the rapid establishment and expansion of Z. marina transplants.
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图 1 水流控制装置
①：水泵；②：喷嘴；③：水槽；④：水池；⑤：1 m/s流速区；⑥：0.8 m/s流速区；⑦：0.6 m/s流速区；⑧：0.4 m/s流速区；⑨：0.2 m/s流速区；⑩：植株移植装置
Fig. 1 Water flow control device
①: water pump; ②: nozzle; ③: sink; ④: pool; ⑤: 1 m/s flow velocity zone; ⑥: 0.8 m/s flow velocity zone; ⑦: 0.6 m/s flow velocity zone; ⑧: 0.4 m/s flow velocity zone, ⑨: 0.2 m/s flow velocity zone, ⑩: plant transplantation device
图 2 不同水流流速对鳗草植株存活率的影响
误差线上的不同小写字母表示不同处理组之间存在显著差异(P<0.05)，下同
Fig. 2 The effect of different water velocities on the survival rate of Z. marina plants
Different lowercase letters on the error bars indicate significant differences among different treatments (P<0.05), the same below
图 3 不同水流流速对鳗草植株株高（A）、新生叶面积（B）、叶片延伸速率（C）和地上干重（D）的影响
Fig. 3 The effect of different water velocities on the shoot height (A), new leaf area (B), leaf elongation rate (C) and aboveground weight (D) of Z. marina plants
图 4 不同水流流速对鳗草植株侧枝数（A）、茎节直径（B）、茎节延伸速率（C）和地下干重（D）的影响
Fig. 4 The effect of different water velocities on the branches (A), internode diameter (B), internode elongation rate (C) and belowground weight (D) of Z. marina plants
图 5 不同水流流速对鳗草植株光合色素（A）、可溶性糖（B）和淀粉含量（C）的影响
Fig. 5 The effect of different water velocities on the photosynthetic pigment content (A), soluble sugars content (B) and starch (C) of Z. marina plants
图 6 不同水流流速对鳗草植株存活生长综合收益指数(A)和生理指标稳定系数(B)的影响
Fig. 6 The effect of different water velocities on the survival and growth comprehensive income index (A) and physiological index stability coefficient (B) of Z. marina plants
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